电与磁 —— 阅读全文约需2个小时
今天这个幸运的时代，是数千年人类智慧累积而成。在这数千年中，曾经出现过几位对当今科技有着重大影响的人物。
起初是牛顿，他站在了所有人的肩膀上，将几千年以来，人类对大自然的质朴认知融合在一起。随后是法拉第与麦克斯韦在电磁学上的成就。电磁学的出现是人类科技史的一次突变，二十世纪的科技成就建立在这次突变之上。
爱因斯坦的相对论与法拉第的场有着千丝万缕的联系。随后出现的玻尔与哥本哈根学派的量子力学理论，超越了人类数千年积累而后的想象。
在这些发现的背后，站立着许多由时势而造就的英雄。这些英雄出现在恰当的时机，依靠自身努力，趁风而起，青史留名。
许多人没有在史册上留下显赫的名字，他们的毕生心血仅是化作几条实验数据，这些数据在未来，成为了破解某个难题的关键。
更多的人什么都没有留下来，他们仅是一粒粒微不足道的尘埃。这些由亿万生灵所组成的尘埃，凝结在一起时，却能璀璨夺目。这众生的合力，推动着科技史册的缓慢前行。
从无线电出现开始，今天的我们经历了一系列科技浪潮。
如果我们将画轴拉长至千年或是更长的一段时间，从最上方俯视这段相对完整的科技史册时，会发现离我们最近的几次科技浪潮，在漫漫的岁月之中所呈现的仅是一道较为完整的波浪。这个波浪源于电与磁的出现。
人类历史上第一个发电机使用硫磺球制成的。瓶子是指莱顿瓶，莱顿瓶是世界上第一个电容器。
本节的另外一个名字可以是富兰克林传记。富兰克林对电与磁最大的贡献是费城做的一系列实验。在这些实验中，他无意发现了电荷守恒定律，并解释了莱顿瓶的工作原理。风筝与闪电实验非常有名，但从科技的角度看，意义不比前两者更大。
历史上著名的三次扭秤实验。库仑扭秤实验发现了什么是静止的电。之后科学家通过类比法，发现了什么是静止的磁。最艰难的扭秤实验还是卡文迪许测量万有引力常数的实验。
丹麦的奥斯特发现电能产生磁。毕奥与萨伐尔对电如何产生磁进行了定性的描述。随后的几年是安培的表演时间。
这一节也可以换一个名称，叫做法拉第传记。法拉第的一生充满传奇。爱因斯塔说，法拉第最大的贡献，是提出了“场”理论。
本节自然是讲麦克斯韦方程组。
赫兹发现电磁波。麦克斯韦的4个粉丝推广麦克斯韦的电磁场理论。
马可尼、波波夫与特斯拉谁才是无线电之父。我的理解应该还是马可尼，马可尼在推进无线电技术的发展与普及中，居功至伟。
“电与磁”的全部内容不会放入《半导体简史》这本书籍中，将作为“半导体的起源”这一章的第1.1节，篇幅也将大幅减少，许多在电与磁领域做出巨大贡献的科学家，在书中可能只剩下了一句话。毕竟这是一本关于半导体的书籍。
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