啥？古希腊的雕塑是学来的？
Thanks to the great stone statues, and the wonderfully bright and vivid wall paintings, we have a very good idea of what life in ancient Egypt was like. True, these paintings do not show things as we see them. An object or a person that is behind another is generally shown on top, and the figures often look stiff. (Upper) bodies are shown from the front and hands and feet from the side, so they look as if they have been ironed flat.
古埃及人不仅非常主观地安排画中的东西，就连画人像也是采用正面和侧面相结合的手法。人的头部总是被描绘成侧面的，可在侧面脸上的眼睛又是正面的，肩膀和胸部是正面的，手臂和腿脚又被画成了侧面的。
我们要知道，古埃及的造型艺术和文字是紧密相连的，他们的绘画不是用来再现现实中的人物和场景，而是像文字一样，是供人阅读的。因此，他们不是照着眼睛看到的去画，而是照着他们知道的去画。
In the relatively brief period between 510 and 323 BC, Greek civilization established conventions in all the arts that set the standard for what has since been considered 'classical'. Drama, music, and philosophy flourished in this period, but it was in the visual arts - architecture and sculpture in particular - that classical ideals were most strikingly exemplified.
古希腊雕塑的写实程度之高是毋庸置疑的。毫不夸张地说，那是一种写实能力达到了登峰造极的艺术风格。希腊人的造型艺术准确、完美，是其他任何文明难以望其项背的。我们不禁要问，看起来如此呆板的埃及造型艺术究竟是如何影响了古希腊雕塑？
阿尔特米西昂青铜雕像
克尼多斯的阿弗洛狄特
隔海相望的埃及和希腊早其实早就有所接触，并结成了彼此互惠互利的“对子”，希腊人乐意为埃及提供军事服务，埃及则成为了希腊在文化上学习和效法的对象。
The chief forms of beauty are order and symmetry and definiteness, which the mathematical sciences demonstrate in a special degree.
Aristotle
那么究竟希腊人是如何发展和巩固从埃及人那里学习来的法则的呢？
We spoke of the statues of Olympic champions earlier. They show fine human beings, not posed, but looking as if the position they are shown in is the most natural one in the world. And it is because they seem so natural that they are so beautiful.
古希腊人所追求的是感性与理性之间的平衡与和谐，他们一方面强调和推崇人的理性，却又竭力避免理性对于内心情感的约束，而希腊艺术正是体现了这种微妙的平衡。
参考资料：
A Little History of the World E. H. Gombrich | Yale University Press
西方艺术三万年，王瑞芸 | 看理想
The Art Book | DK Publishing