严重缓慢性心律失常1、严重缓慢性心律失常:1)严重心动过缓、高度及三度房室传导阻滞,心室率≤35次/分;2)长RR间期伴症状≥3.0s,无症状≥5.0s。图18:快速房颤终止后窦性停搏图19:三度房室传导阻滞2、严重缓慢性心律失常处理原则:1)积极查找并纠正可逆性诱因:肺栓塞、急性心梗、心肌炎、药物过量、电解质紊乱、低温、酸中毒等。2)首选起搏治疗:植入临时起搏器或永久起搏器。3)药物治疗:可选择异丙肾上腺素、阿托品等,但药物治疗副作用大,效果不佳,多不推荐。简单而言,心电图危急值可分为可疑急性心梗、严重心动过速、严重心动过缓三方面:对于可疑急性心梗,需要积极评估再灌注治疗指征;对于严重心动过速,需要注意血流动力学是否稳定;对于严重心动过速,需要注意有无临时起搏器指征。参考文献:[1] Page RL, Joglar JA, Caldwell MA, Calkins H, Conti JB, Deal BJ, Estes NA, III, Field ME, Goldberger ZD, Hammill SC et al: 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the management of adult patients with supraventricular tachycardia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Heart rhythm 2016, 13(4):e136-221.[2]Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, Antunes MJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bueno H, Caforio ALP, Crea F, Goudevenos JA, Halvorsen S et al: 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European heart journal 2018, 39(2):119-177.[3]中华医学会心电生理和起搏分会;中国医师协会心律学专业委员会: 室性心律失常中国专家共识. 中华心律失常学杂志 2016, 4(20).[4]黄从新: 心房颤动:目前的认识和治疗建议(2018). 中华心律失常学杂志 2018, 4(22).