中国传统手工艺制品——鼻烟壶（二）

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　鼻烟壶器型之繁多，图案之丰富，用料之广泛，工艺之博杂，致使其品种难于细列，现就用料的情况加以分类。

　料器鼻烟壶，即我国以前对玻璃的称谓。料器鼻烟壶有其独特好处，除不漏气、不受湿外，还能看到所盛鼻烟的份量、成色，因此很受欢迎。料器鼻烟壶不以质地取胜，而以做工见长。其质虽为玻璃，却能模仿各色名质，且惟妙惟肖，生动无比，比如金星料、花料、雄黄料及各种仿宝石料等。

　 It is difficult to list the varieties of snuff bottles in detail because of their various types, rich patterns, wide range of materials and miscellaneous techniques.

　Material snuff bottle has its unique advantages, in addition to not leaking, not wet, but you also can see the amount of snuff, quality in it, so it is very popular. The material snuff bottle is not famous for quality, but for workmanship. Although it is made of glass, it can imitate all kinds of famous materials, such as Venus material, flower material, realgar material and various imitation gem materials.

瓷鼻烟壶瓷鼻烟壶即瓷胎鼻烟壶。从康熙至清末二百余年间，珐琅彩瓷皆由江西景德镇制胎，运往京城后，由宫廷画师彩画烧成，其他品种则可由景德镇独立烧制。清代瓷器业相当发达，因此瓷鼻烟壶种类也很齐全，什么青花、斗彩、粉彩、釉里红等等瓷鼻烟壶都应有尽有。

Porcelain snuff bottle porcelain snuff bottle is the porcelain body snuff bottle. During the two hundred years from Kangxi to the end of the Qing Dynasty, enamel porcelain was made in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province. After being transported to the capital, it was fired by court painters. Other kinds of enamel porcelain could be fired independently in Jingdezhen. The porcelain industry in the Qing Dynasty was quite developed, so there were a wide range of porcelain snuff bottles, such as blue and white, doucai, pastel, underglaze red and so on.

铜胎画珐琅鼻烟壶清康熙帝非常喜爱法国里摩日的珐琅器皿，曾通过法国传教士邀法国珐琅匠师来清宫造办处传艺，生产画珐琅鼻烟壶，由于清朝宫廷匠师们令人惊异的模仿力，又具创新精神，在以后的年代中，画珐琅技艺日趋精湛，在鼻烟壶的制作上大放异彩。

The Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty loved the enamel vessels of rimori very much. He invited French enamel craftsmen to the palace building office of Qing Dynasty through French missionaries to produce painted enamel snuff bottles. Due to the amazing imitation and innovative spirit of the craftsmen of Qing Dynasty, the art of painting enamel became more and more exquisite in the later years, which made snuff bottles unique.

文字丨耿嘉怡

配图丨黄小艳