2021年3月广州市一模长难句分析
阅读A
一、文中核心词汇（或短语）转述
1.exercise : workout
2. health: well-being
3. exercise regularly : exercise routine
4. focus on : concentrate on
5. build up muscles : develop muscles
6. keep healthy : improve fitness.
二、长难句解析
1. By doing endurance exercises, you are working to keep your heart, lungs, and blood-flow system healthy while improving your total fitness.
分析:句子主要结构为by doing ……, you are working to keep healthy while improving fitness; By doing endurance exercises为方式状语，while improving your total fitness为连词 分词的用法，可转化为状语从句while you are improving your total fitness【在状语从句中，当从句的主语和主句的主语相同时，从句里的主语可以连同动词be(连系动词或助动词)一起省去)】。
翻译: 通过耐力练习，你可以在提高整体健康水平的同时，保持你的心脏、肺和血液循环系统的健康。
仿写：
Ø 讲英语时，我们要注意语调（intonation）.
When (we are) speaking English, we should pay attention to our intonation.
我不去，除非请我。
I won’t go unless (I am) invited.
2. Also, it reduces the muscle tension caused by stress.
分析:句子主干为it reduces the muscle tension; caused by stress为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰tension。
翻译: 同时，它还能减少压力引起的肌肉紧张。
3. Most good balance exercises are ones that keep you constantly moving with your feet on the ground. Heel-to-toe walking and standing on one foot are simple ways to improve balance.
分析: that 引导定语从句，修饰ones；两句间的逻辑关系为举例。
翻译: 大多数好的平衡练习都是那些让你的脚在地面上不断移动的练习。竞走和单脚站立是改善平衡的简单方法。
阅读B
一、文中核心词汇（或短语）转述
1.find : observe/observation、discover/ discovery、investigate、examine
2. a man of no formal scientific education：amateur
二、长难句解析
1. In the late 1600s, Leeuwenhoek, inspired by the magnifying lenses(放大镜) he used to examine cloth, built some of the first microscopes.
分析:句子主干为Leeuwenhoek built some of the first microscopes; inspired by …为过去分词作状语;he used to examine cloth为定语从句，修饰lenses
翻译: 在17世纪末, 受他用于检查布的放大镜的启发，列文虎克制出了第一批显微镜。
仿写：
Ø 听众被演讲者的话所鼓舞，开始欢呼起来。
Inspired by what the speaker said, the audience began to cheer.
2. He developed a technique to improve the quality of tiny, rounded lenses, some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times.
分析: 句子主干为He developed a technique …; some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times 为非限定性定语从句，of which 表示数或量。
【语法链接】
Ø Both players, neither of _______ reached the final, played well.
whom,两名运动员都未进入决赛，但都表现得很好。
Ø The treasure, some of _______ has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum.
which，这些宝藏已运往大英博物馆，其中有些是失而复得的。
Ø Originally the leaves were baked into a brick, a part of 60 could be broken off and made into a powder (粉状物).(语法填空)
which, 最初，这些叶子被烤成砖形，其中的一部分可以被打碎，制成粉末。
在非限定性定语从句中，介词of可以放在关系代词whom和which前表示数或量。
在“neither/some of which/whom”结构中的neither/some均表示数或量，像这样的词语还有:
a few、several、any、many、much、the majority、most、all、none、either、the largest/smallest、the oldest/youngest、a number 、half a quarter……
翻译: 他发明了一种技术来提高微小圆角透镜的质量，其中一些可以将物体放大270倍。
3. This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body.
分析: that引导宾语从句，suggest意为“使想到；使认为；表明”
翻译: 这一概念认为疾病起源于微小的有机体,它们会攻击并削弱身体。
翻译下列句子：
Ø Are you pressed for time? If not, I suggest we have lunch.
你时间紧吗？如果不紧的话，我建议我们一起吃午饭。
Ø Can you suggest a good dictionary?
你能推荐一本好词典吗？
Ø A solution immediately suggested itself to me (= I immediately thought of a solution) .
我马上想到了一个解决办法。
Ø All the evidence suggests (that) he stole the money.
所有证据都表明是他偷了钱。
4. My work, which I’ve done for a long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy, but chiefly from a strong desire for knowledge, which I notice resides in me more than in most other men.
分析: 第一个which引导定语从句，修饰work；第一个which引导定语从句，修饰desire。
翻译：我从事这份工作许久,并不是为了追求现在所享有的赞美，而是出于对知识的强烈渴望,这份渴望，比绝大多数人要强烈。
5. And therefore, whenever I found out anything remarkable, I have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that the scientific community might be informed thereof.”
分析: whenever意为“每当、每逢”，引导时间状语从句；so that意为“以便，为的是”，引导目的状语从句。
翻译：因此，每当我发现任何值得注意的事情时，我都认为我有责任把我的发现写在纸上，以便让科学界知道。
翻译下列句子
l It was very cold, so that all of us wore cotton-padded clothes.
天气很冷，我们都穿上了棉衣。(结果句)
l He stepped aside so that I might go in.
他站到一旁好让我进去。(目的句)
Ø 'so that' 引导的结果状语从句与目的状语从句的区别
l 结果句是表示已经发生的事实，或以前一种情况为前提而发生后一种情况;
而目的句是表示某一件事的出发点、愿望或尚未形成的事实。例如:
l 因为结果句表达的是已经或者将会产生的结果，所以极少用情态动词，而目
的句所表达的是可能性、愿望，所以常用情态动词以表达委婉的语气。例如.
They started very early s0 that they arrived there before noon.他们很早就出了，所以中午前就到了。(结果句)
The woman asked the two boys to keep quiet so that they might not disturb others.
那个妇女要两个男孩保持安静，以免打扰别人。(目的句)
阅读C
一、文中核心词汇（或短语）转述
1.find : observe/observation、discover/ discovery、investigate、examine
2. a man of no formal scientific education：amateur
二、长难句解析
1. Besides, learning the different ways punctuation marks can be used is fun.
分析: 句子主干为learning the different ways is fun；punctuation marks can be used为省略了that/which的定语从句，修饰ways。
翻译：此外，学习标点符号的不同用法是很有趣的。
2. This short piece of text shows that it is the words that are the important part of the sentence, not the symbols between them.
分析: 第一个that引导宾语从句，其中含有强调句，结构常为it be的一定形式 强调部分 that从句。
翻译：这段简短的文字表明，单词才是句子的重要组成部分，而不是它们之间的符号。
3. It is the order in which the words appear that conveys the meaning, not the punctuation marks.
分析: 该句为强调句，其中in which the words appear为定语从句，修饰order。
翻译：表达意思的是单词出现的顺序，而不是标点符号。
用强调句仿写：
l 你的支持和鼓励让我重拾学习英语的信心
It is your support and encouragement that have made me regain the confidence in English learning.
l 你的及时帮助让我按时完成这个任务。
It was your timely assistance that helped me finish the task as scheduled.
l 中国让我过上和平的生活。
It is China that provides me with a peaceful life.
阅读D
一、文中核心词汇（或短语）转述
1.under threat :do more harm than good 、at the expense of、 at risk of extinction、to make matters worse、 put pressure on、 in decline、in need of
二、长难句解析
1. Much media attention is given to honey bees at the expense of native bees, and this has led many citizens—myself once included—to mistakenly believe they are doing a good thing for the environment by raising honey bees.
分析: 句子主干为Much media attention is given to honey bees， and this has led many citizens to believe…；they are doing a good thing for the environment by raising honey bees 为宾语从句，作believe的宾语。
翻译：许多媒体以牺牲本土蜜蜂为代价来关注蜜蜂，这导致许多市民——包括我自己——错误地认为饲养蜜蜂对环境是一件好事。
2. The introduction of honey bees increases competition with native bee populations for food, putting even more pressure on the wild species that are already in decline. Honey bees are extremely efficient food gatherers and take over almost all local flower resources, thus leading to damaging competition—that is, where one species uses up a resource, not leaving enough to go around.
分析:第一个句子中putting even more pressure on the wild species为现在分词短语作结果状语，that are already in decline为定语从句，修饰wild species。
第一个句子中thus leading to damaging competition为现在分词短语作结果状语；
that is表示解释说明，where 引导定语从句，修饰competition。
含有抽象地点意义的名词如relationship、situation、point、position、stage、case等作先行词，在从句中表达的是'某个点或状态”的含义时，也能用关系副词where来进行引导。如
l We were put in a position in which（=where） we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.我们被置于这样-种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。
l Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?
l Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low.
欺诈行为在这种情况下最有可能发生:利益重大,而且欺诈行为被发现的可能性小。
l Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more 'unnatural food”.
除非人类能够意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度--使地球能为所有人提供足够的食物,否则人们将不得不接受更多的'人造食品”。
翻译：蜜蜂的引入加剧了与本土蜜蜂争夺食物的竞争，给已经在减少的野生物种带来了更大的压力。蜜蜂是非常高效的食物采集者，它们几乎占据了当地所有的花资源，从而导致了破坏性的竞争——也就是说，一个物种耗尽了一种资源，没有留下足够的资源供其他物种使用。