bytheendof后接过去时间可连用哪些时态

by the end of 后面接过去时间时，句子的时态通常用过去时态——比如过去完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时等。如：

▲用过去完成时：强调在所提及的过去时间之前已完成的动作，句子暗示两个时间：一个是 by the end of 后面的过去时间，另一个是“the end of + 过去时间”之前的时间。如：

The company had completed the project by the end of 1999. 到1999年底公司已完成了那个项目。

By the end of last month, he had been robbed at least three times. 到上月底，他已被抢了至少三次。

I’d had a bellyful of his family by the end of the weekend. 到周末的时候，我已经受够了他一家人。

By the end of the day we had sold over 2000 tickets. 那一天下来我们卖出了两千多张票。

By the end of that year Henry had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps. 到那年年底，亨利已收集了一千多张外国邮票。

By the end of the evening she had abandoned all pretence of being interested. 到晚会结束时，她已将假装的兴趣抛得一干二净。

▲用一般过去时：只表示动词发生在过去，不强调在所提及的过去时间之前已经完成，此时将整个的“by the end of + 过去时间”看作一个整体的过去时间。如：

By the end of that first year, I knew how totally unsuited we were to each other.

Italy became a satellite state of Germany by the end of the 1930s. 意大利在 20 世纪 30 年代末成了德国的附庸。

▲用过去进行时：表示“by the end of + 过去时间”之前正在进行或发生的情况。如：

By the end of 1942, things were starting to change. 到了 1942 年年末，情况开始有了变化。

By the end of the week, they were all getting on each other’s nerves. 到周末时，他们互相都很反感对方。

That man made me so angry that by the end of the meeting I was spitting blood! 那人真令我生气，到会议结束时我简直恨得咬牙切齿！

▲有时 by the end of...所表示时间并不修饰谓语动词，而是修饰句中的非谓语动词，此时与句子时态无关。如：

We were working full steam ahead to finish the project by the end of April. 为了赶在四月底以前完成这个项目，我们全力以赴。（by the end of April 修饰不定式 to finish…）