北海的园中之园
北海公园是我国保存最完整、文化沉积最深厚的古典皇家园林,曾经历了金、元、明、清以及民国等数个朝代,承载着近千年的历史和文化,凝聚了我国历代园林艺术之大成。
以往多次去北海大多是登白塔山、泛舟湖中,漫步琼岛长廊,关注的主要是风光景点,很少走进公园里一个挨着一个有着厚重文化底蕴且建筑结构精致的小园子。
本篇编辑的是坐落在北海北岸的静心斋、西天梵境、快雪堂、阐福寺、小西天等院落的画面,它们是北海的园中园,如同白塔、九龙壁、五龙亭、永安桥等名胜一样,都是北海文化瑰宝中不可或缺的精彩部分。
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“静心斋”是北海最精巧的园中之园,原是明代的普通官房,清乾隆二十四年(1757年)在扩建“西天梵境”时修建了静心斋,故称“乾隆小花园”。园内亭、榭、廊、轩、石桥、水池、叠石、假山以及楼台,殿阁建筑形式既不失北方园林宏伟壮丽的气魄,又有江南园林小巧玲珑的情趣。
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“西天梵境”(又称大西天)原为明代西天禅林喇嘛庙,清代于乾隆二十四年(1759年)重修,并向西扩展,1980年经重新修缮后对外开放。
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“快雪堂”始建于乾隆四十四年( 1775年),院内还有澄观堂、浴兰轩两座大殿。四周由彩绘游廊连接,快雪堂东西两侧的游廊内嵌有晋代至元代二十位书法家八十篇墨迹石刻四十八方,其中王羲之《快雪时晴帖》与乾隆皇帝所作的《快雪堂记》最为著名。
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“阐福寺”始建于乾隆十一年(1746年)。清孝庄皇后死后曾在此祭奠,乾隆尊生母之愿,下令改为喇嘛庙,赐名阐福寺。相传慈禧太后每遇年节,常到此拈香拜佛。
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“小西天”始建于清乾隆三十三年(1768年),建成于清乾隆三十五年(1770年),是清乾隆皇帝为母亲孝圣皇太后祝寿祈福而建的。大殿四面环水,有桥可通,东西南北各有一座“证功德水”牌坊,四角各有一座小方亭,正南面有一道月牙河,上架一座雕栏石桥。殿内原有南海普陀泥塑一座,山上布有二百二十六尊罗汉佛像,山下绘满海水,以象征佛界普陀胜境,故有“罗汉山”和“海岛”之称。
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谢谢观赏!
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