🌍地理1⃣️4⃣️&1⃣️5⃣️ G2新学期第十四、十五课的云端材料 ☁️ After-class supplementary
©️ Hermione MIAO
Captured in Cambridge(2015)
2017.03.16 -2017.5.02
08:45-10:30
(0460 Geography)
⏳Before the G2 Paper1 exam, you have 49 days to go.
今天距离地理G2第一场考试还有：47 天
2017.03.16 -2017.5.10
08:30- 10:00
(0460 Geography)
⏳Before the G2 Paper2 exam, you have 55 days to go.
今天距离地理G2 第二场考试还有：55 天
快乐的地图时光总是那么短暂呀～
不如课后再回顾一下咯～
🗺️
先让我们再看一次世界地图～
这张图和我们第三章第一节的发展(development)有一些相关哟～
不过在这里放，是为了让大家再想想非洲🌍是哪里，亚洲🌏在哪里，美洲在哪里🌎，如果要两两比较，该如何说比较好。
——考试时屹立不倒的小秘密——
考试的时候不要一拿到卷子就开始做，先纵览一遍题目，看看哪些花的时间会比较少，就先做，先易后难，思维才会逐渐活跃起来。
如果按照顺序一点点做地图题，像我这样的人很容易一不小心就看漏了什么信息。所以，下次遇到不会做的题，做个标记，先往下写也是一样的哟～
以上来自一个英语考试总是能正常发挥的小能手～
不一定人人适用～但不妨平时练习先试一试～
To read a map you need to understand compass directions, grid references and the map's key and scale. You need to be able to find features when given a map reference. You also need to be able to describe a feature's location on a map by giving a map reference.
读地图你要会判读方向、厘清方格网线和地图的比例尺与图例。在读地图时，你要先通过地图给出的参考系来找到对应的特征是什么图例，然后再到图上去找这个特征的位置在哪。
Basics of mapping:
绘制地图的基本要素——
Maps are representations of the world created by people called cartographers to help other people navigate the world. Maps contain information tailored to a specific purpose.
地图是地图学家用来帮助其他人探索世界的工具。它所包含的信息都是为了某种目的而存在的，比如军事地图、地形图、旅游路线图、公路分布图、铁路分布图、地铁线路图。
Compass directions
罗盘方向
They are vital for finding your way around a map. There are many ways to remember where each direction goes. You probably learnt a rhyme or a phrase to help you remember - if not, here's one now.
这次我终于找到了想象这四个方向的方法？有点类似于我们的玄武朱雀青龙白虎，英文里面对应的东南西北是：
North - Naughty (kids climb up the tree)
East - Elephants ( right by your side)
South - Squirt ( from the bottom)
West - Water (at your left hand)
source: http://pixgood.com/compass-rose-art-project-for-kids.html
Grid references
方格网线
OS maps are divided into numbered squares. These squares can be used to give a place a four or six-figure grid reference. It is important that you know both four-figure and six-figure grid references.
我们考试所见的地图往往被分成一个个小方块块。这些方格就可以形成四个数字的坐标系和六个数字的坐标。
Eastings
东西方向
Eastings are lines that run up and down the map. They increase in number the further you move east (or right). You can use them to measure how far to travel east.
指示东西方向的竖着的线（就像我们的经线也分为东西经，但是确实都经过南北极点的半圆）。
Northings
南北方向
Northings are lines that run across the map horizontally. They increase in number the further you move north (or up the map). You can use them to measure how far to travel north.
指示南北方向的线是在地图上标示为水平延伸的线（类似的还有我们的纬线也是分为南北纬，但却是从赤道向南北两极逐渐缩小的同心圆一样）。
A quick tip here:
numbers along the bottom of the map come first and the numbers up the side of the map come second
the four-figure reference 2182 refers to the square to the east of Easting line 21 and north of Northing line 82
the six-figure reference 217824 will give you the exact point in the square 2182 - 7/10s of the way across and 4/10s of the way up
Key
图例（钥匙）
Just like a key to a door, the key on a map helps you to unlock the information stored in the colours and symbols on a map. You must understand how the key relates to the map before you can unlock the information it contains. The key will help you to identify types of boundaries, roads, buildings, agriculture, industry, places of interest and geographical features.
毫无疑问，图例就是解开地图密码的“门钥匙”。在读地图的时候你在解锁信息时要注意到它包含了哪些类型的信息，比如道路、边界、建筑类型、农业类型、工业、风景名胜等。
Copyright © Crown Copyright 100019855 - Reproduced by kind permission of Ordnance Survey
Scale
比例尺
The scale of a map allows a reader to calculate the size, height and dimensions of the features shown on the map, as well as distances between different points. The scale on a map is the ratio between real life sizes and how many times it has been shrunk to fit it on the map.
The scale below is for a 1:50,000 scale map. At this scale, 1 cm on the map represents 50,000 cm on the ground (= 500 m or 0.5 km).
比例尺使得读者能够丈量地图上两点之间的距离，从而计算出实际情况中到底是相隔千里还是百米。
Good night!
Hermione