高中英语知识点:关系副词

  关系副词的概念:

  关系副词兼有副词与连接词两种作用,在不及物动词的连接中要求用关系副词。关系副词有when, where, why。

  关系副词的特点:

  关于副词用于引出定语从句,主要有when, where, why:

  如:Sunday is the day when very few people go to work. 星期日是没什么人上班的日子。

  That's the reason why he dislikes me. 这就是他不喜欢我的原因。

  Do you know a shop where I can find sandals? 你知道哪家商店我能找到凉鞋吗?

  注:关系副词用于引出定语从句,且在从句中用作状语。关系副词when表示时间,where表示地点,why表示原因。

  使用关系副词应注意的几点:

  (1)how不能用作关系副词,不要想当然地将how用作关系副词置于theway后表示方式:他说话就是那个样子。

  误:This is the way how he spoke.

  正:This is how he spoke./ This is the way(that, in which)he spoke.

  (2)关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,但why只能引导限制性定语从句,不能引导非限制性定语从句(若引导非限制性定语从句,可用for which reason)。

  (3)引导定语从句时,when的先行词为时间,where的先行词为地点,why的先行词为原因(主要是the reason),但是反过来却不一定:

  如:Don't forget the time(that) I've toldyou.不要忘记我告诉你的时间。

  Do you know the house(that) he bought recently? 你知道他最近买的那座房子吗?

  Please tell me there as on(that) you know. 请告诉我你所知道的原因吧。

  关系副词的用法:

  关系副词有when, where, why,作用有三个:

  1、连接主句与从句;

  2、代替先行词;

  3、在从句中作状语,不可省略。

  When和where既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句。Why只能引导限制性定语从句。这些关系副词在意义上都相当于一定得“介词+which”结构。

  1)when=at/in/on/during,在定语从句中作时间状语。

  例如:Tell me the time when(at which) the train leaves.

  注意:

  ①当表示时间的先行词在从句中中作主语或宾语时,不能用when。

  例如:I will never forget the days I spent with your family.

  ②It/This/That+be+the first/second/last time that…句型中,that是习惯用法,不能用 when代替,that还可以省略。从句中使用与“be动词”呼应的完成形式。

  例如:It is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall.

  2)where表地点,只能跟在表示地点的名词后,它在定语从句中作地点状语。

  例如:This is the second school where I used to teach.

  注意:

  ①引导词where可用that替换,并经常可以省略。

  例如:That's the place(where/that) we went before.

  ②当表示地点的先行词在句中作主语或宾语时,不用where,用关系代词that或which。

  例如:The factory that/which we visited yesterday was built last year.

  ③where可与from连用。

  例如:His head soon appeared out of the second story windows, from where he could see nothing but rees.

  3)why表原因,引导的从句修饰名词reason。Why可用that或forwhich替换或省略。

  例如:I don't know the reason(why/for which/that) he left here.

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