语法 | 介词的用法
介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的词与句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用，可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语在句中可以作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：
The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语)
那边的那个男孩儿是约翰的哥哥（弟弟）。
The girl will be back in two hours. (状语)
那个女孩儿将在两小时以后回来。
Our English teacher is fromAustralia. (表语)
我们的英语老师来自澳大利亚。
Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)
随便吃些鱼吧。
在上册书中我们已经重点讲解了常见的表示方位的介词的用法，今天我们除了重点复习之前的知识点外，再学习一些新的介词的用法。
1. 表示时间的介词
表示时间的介词主要有at, in, on；具体区别如下：
（1）表示时间点用at。例如：
at six o’clock 在六点钟 at noon 在中午 at midnight 在午夜
（2）表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：
in the ninth century 在第九世纪
in 2002 在2002年
in May在五月
in winter 在冬天
in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon在下午
（3）表示具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上时，用on。例如：
on Monday 在周一
on July 1st 在七月一日
on Sunday morning 在星期日的早上
表示时间的介词还有before（在……前）, after（在……后）等。例如：
before ten o’clock 在十点前 after breakfast 在早饭后
2. 表示地点或者方位的介词或词组
（1）at, in, on
at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面上”。例如：
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. 他昨天到达上海。
They arrived at a small village before dark. 他们在天黑前到达了一个小村庄。
There is a big hole in the wall. 墙上有一个大洞。
The teacher put up a picture on the wall. 老师在墙上挂了一张画。
（2）between，among
between指在两者之间，among指在三者或三者以上的人或者物之间。例如：
The library is between the post office and the market.
图书馆在邮局和市场之间。
The teacher is among the students.
老师在学生们中间。
（3）in front of，in the front of＆before
in front of表示在(物体外部的)前面，in the front of表示在(物体内部的)前面，before既可以作介词也可以作连词，既可以表示在某时间和位置的前面，也可以表示在顺 序或次序的前面。例如：
In front of our classroom, there is a big tree.
我们教室前面有一棵树。
There is a big TV set in the front of our classroom.
在教室的前面有一台电视。
Please come before ten o’clock.
请在10点钟以前来。
He puts his work before everything.
他把工作放在第一位。
（4）in the middle of, in the center of
1）center中心、中央，该词大体上接近于几何概念，即一个圆或一个球内的一点，这一点与周围的任何一点的距离相等，也可喻为政治商业中心。
2）middle表示的中间，是相对而言，笼统的中部包括了中心再加上中心周围部分，middle可用于空间、时间或某项活动中间。
因此，in the center of the park一般翻译成“公园中心”，而in the middle of the park是“公园中部”，范围比center大。
（5） across，through，past，over
表示从某一个物体的表面横过、穿过用介词across; 从某一个物体的里面或者一定范围内穿过、横过用介词through; 从旁边经过用past；指在某物上方“通过、越过”，与表面不接触，用over，常用来指“越过（篱笆、墙）等。例如：
They swam across the river. 他们游过了河。
The boys go through the forest quickly. 这些男孩子快速地穿过树林。
They drove past a big supermarket. 他们开车经过一家大超市。
The birds fly over the city. 鸟儿飞过城市。
（6）beside, by, near, next to
1）by和beside均表示“在……旁边”，常可换用。例如：
She stood by the window. 她站在窗边。
The hotel is beside (/by) the river. 那家饭店在河边。
Come and sit beside (/by) me. 过来，坐在我边上。
2）next to 指“紧靠着的旁边”，意思和by与beside接近，有时互换。例如：
The new house next to the library is my house.
那座紧挨着图书馆的新房子是我家。
Come and sit next to (beside /by) me. 过来坐在我旁边。
3）near指“在......附近，接近，近”，表示的距离比by和beside远一些。例如：
There is a post office near his home. 他家附近有一个邮局。
His home is very near. 他的房子就在附近。
常见的表示地点的介词或者词组还有：behind，inside, outside, along, across from等，需要同学们在以后的学习中不断的总结。
3. 其他介词
（1）about
about意为“关于，对于”，例如：
The American girl wants to learn about Chinese history.
那个美国女孩儿想要了解中国历史。
（2）from
from 意为“从……，自从”；常构成词组“from… to…”。例如：
I go to school from Monday to Friday. 我从周一到周五去学校。
How far is it from Beijing to Shanghai? 从北京到上海有多远？
（3）with
with 意为“与……一起，附有，使用”等意思。例如：
He has a house with a small garden. 有一个带着小花园的房子。
Can you play with me? 你能和我一起玩儿吗？
（4）of
of 意为“……的，属于……的”常用来表示所属关系或者构成一些词组。例如：
Beijing is the capital ofChina. 北京是中国的首都。
What kind of movie do you like? 你喜欢哪一种电影？
（5）to
to意为“向，到，对”。例如：
Let me tell you the way to my house. 让我告诉你去我家的路。
Scotlandis to the north ofEngland. 苏格兰在英格兰之北。
（6）for
for 意为“对于，为了，以……为代价，（时间持续）……之久”等。例如：
For breakfast, he likes eggs, bananas and apples. 早餐他吃鸡蛋、香蕉和苹果。
For boys, we have socks for only five dollars each.
对于男孩子，我们有仅仅五元一双的袜子。
（7） as , like
like与as作介词，都有“像”的意思。但有一定区别。
1）like意为“像……一样”。用于相似关系，即两者在形态上或性质上有相似之处，但并不等于。
2）as意为“作为；以……身份”。用于说明同一关系，即两者实为一体。
例如：She talks to me like my mother.
她像我妈妈那样跟我说话。（她不是我妈妈）
She talks to me as a mother.
她以妈妈的身份跟我说话。（她是我妈妈）
Ⅰ. 看图填空。
What’s in the room?
1．There is a clock _______ the wall near the window.
2．There is a window _______ the clock and the shelves.
3．There are three pictures _______ the wall near the door.
4．There is a table_______ the room.
5．There is a long sofa _______ the table.
6．There are some books ______ the shelves.
7．There is a small sofa ______ near the door.
8．There are two sofas _______the door.
Ⅱ. 用适当的介词填空。
1. The hotel is next ______ the supermarket.
2. Is there a park ______ the neighborhood?
3. There is a restaurant ______ the library and the school.
4. The school is across _______ the bank.
5. －Where is the bank?
－It’s ______Bridge Street.
6. The broom (扫帚) is ______ the door. We can’t see it.
7. They will arrive _____London next Monday.
8. Walk ______ Seventh Avenue. The hotel is _____ your left.
9. I put some flowers next ______my window.
10. Excuse me. Is there a fruit market______ here?
Ⅲ. 选词填空。
1. He moves and talks _______(as/like) his father.
2. There is a pay phone _______ (next/ next to) the bank.
3. There is a tree ______ ( in the front of / in front of) the house.
4. He is standing ______ ( among / between) his students.
5. Don’t walk ______ ( cross / across) the road.
Ⅳ. 选择填空。
1. ______ the afternoon of March 8, the woman in the city had a big party.
A. To B. In C. At D. On
2. Does your father go to work, _______ foot or _______ bike?
A. on; with B. with; on C. by; on D. on; by
3. Lucy was _______ duty yesterday, but she forgot to clean the classroom.
A. in B. on C. at D. of
4. －How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt?
－I’m going there _______ my car.
A. by B. in C. to D. on
5. We walk ______ the park and enjoy our meal under a tree.
A. across B. on
C. between D. through
6. You have to turn left ______ the first crossing.
A. on B. in C. at D. to
7. The plane arrived at London airport ______ Wednesday.
A. on B. at C. in D. for
8. Days are longer ______ summer than ___________ winter.
A. in/in B. in/on
C. from/to D. to/in
9. He said that he would meet us ____ the cinema.
A. in B. at C. on D. of
10. Can you tell me the way ______ Shanghai Zoo?
A. to B. at C. for D. towards
【真题链接】
1. The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come _____ four days.
A. after B. for C. during D. in
2.－Who is your favorite singer, Mike?
－TF Boys. They are very _____ boys and girls.
A. proud of B. popular with
C. strict with D. worried about
3.－Could you tell me the way _____ the railway station?
－Go along this road and soon you’ll find it.
A. at B. to C. in D. between
参考答案
Ⅰ. 看图填空。
1. There is a clock on the wall near the window. 在窗子旁边的墙上有一个钟。
2. There is a window between the clock and the shelves. 在钟和书架中间有一扇窗子。
3. There are three pictures on the wall near the door. 在门旁边的墙上有3幅画。
4. There is a table in the middle of the room. 在房间中央有一张桌子。
5. There is a long sofa next to the table. 在桌子旁边有一张长沙发。
6. There are some books on the shelves. 在书架上有些书。
7. There is a small sofa in the corner near the door. 在门旁边的角落里有张小沙发。
8. There are two sofas in front of the door. 在门前有两张沙发。
Ⅱ. 用适当的介词填空。
1. to 2. in 3. between
4. from 5. on
6. behind 7. in
8. along / down , on
9. to 10. near
Ⅲ. 选词填空。
1. like 2. next to
3. in front of 4. among
5. across
Ⅳ. 选择填空。
1. D。具体到某一天的下午要用介词on。
2. D。on foot 意为“步行”，by bike 意为“骑自行车”。
3. B。on duty意为“做值日”。
4. B。in one’s car 意为“做/开某人的车”。
5. D。从内部通过要用through。
6. C。表示“在第几个十字路口”用介词at。
7. A。在星期前用介词on。
8. A。在季节前用介词in。
9. B。在地点前用介词at。
10. A。“the way to +地点”意为“去……的路”。
【真题链接】
1. D。in+一段时间，用在一般将来时，意为“多长时间之后”。这里是四天后将是龙舟节。
2. B。be popular with意为“受……欢迎”，这里指“TF Boys很受男孩和女孩们的欢迎”。
3. B。the way to后接地名，表示“通往某地的路”。