中国原创乳腺癌魔戒克星破晓而来

  人类成年以后,正常细胞的有丝分裂周期大多逐渐减缓停滞,这主要受到周期蛋白及其周期蛋白依赖性激酶(CDK)控制。其中,周期蛋白D1及其CDK4和CDK6主要控制细胞有丝分裂周期由DNA合成前期进入DNA合成期。激素受体阳性乳腺癌细胞在雌激素和雌激素受体的刺激下,周期蛋白D1及其CDK4和CDK6结合,将抑癌蛋白Rb磷酸化而失去抑癌作用,细胞有丝分裂周期失控,从而陷入疯狂增殖的恶性循环。对于内分泌治疗耐药的激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者,CDK4和CDK6抑制剂可有效阻断该恶性循环。

现有3种CDK4和CDK6抑制剂:哌柏西利、瑞博西利、阿贝西利已经先后获得美国食品药品监督管理局批准上市用于治疗乳腺癌患者,从而三分天下。目前,美国辉瑞原研的哌柏西利、山东齐鲁仿制的哌柏西利、美国礼来原研的阿贝西利已经先后获得国家药品监督管理局批准上市。2021年3月25日,国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心官方网站公示:中国原研CDK4和CDK6抑制剂达尔西利(达匹西利)结束征求异议,已被纳入突破性治疗品种。

前情提要

  2021年11月4日,国际四大医学期刊之一、英国《自然》旗下《自然医学》在线发表中国医学科学院肿瘤医院徐兵河和张频、哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院(黑龙江省肿瘤医院)张清媛、复旦大学附属肿瘤医院胡夕春、吉林大学白求恩第一医院李薇、天津医科大学肿瘤医院(天津市肿瘤医院)佟仲生、中国医科大学附属肿瘤医院(辽宁省肿瘤医院)孙涛、中国医科大学附属第一医院滕月娥、华中科技大学同济医学院附属肿瘤医院(湖北省肿瘤医院)吴新红、中南大学湘雅医学院附属肿瘤医院(湖南省肿瘤医院)欧阳取长、四川大学华西医院鄢希、华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院程晶、中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院刘强、南京医科大学附属肿瘤医院(江苏省肿瘤医院)冯继锋、中国科学院大学附属肿瘤医院(浙江省肿瘤医院)王晓稼、南京医科大学第一附属医院(江苏省人民医院)殷咏梅、中山大学肿瘤防治中心(中山大学附属肿瘤医院)史艳侠、中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院)潘跃银、山东第一医科大学附属肿瘤医院(山东省肿瘤医院)王永胜、广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院(广西壮族自治区肿瘤医院)谢伟敏、郑州大学附属肿瘤医院(河南省肿瘤医院)闫敏、河北医科大学第四医院(河北省肿瘤医院)刘云江、江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司严平、吴非、朱晓宇和邹建军等学者的DAWNA-1研究中期分析结果报告,首次对雌激素受体降解剂氟维司群±达尔西利治疗激素受体阳性晚期乳腺癌的有效性和安全性进行了比较。

DAWNA-1 (NCT03927456): A Study of SHR6390 in Combination With Fulvestrant in Patients With HR Positive and HER2 Negative Advanced Breast Cancer (A Phase III Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of SHR6390 in Combination With Fulvestrant Versus Placebo Combined With Fulvesrant in Patients With HR Positive and HER2 Negative Recurrent/Metastatic Breast Cancer)

  该全国多中心安慰剂四盲(患者、治疗者、研究者、独立评审委员会)随机对照三期临床研究于2019年6月25日~2020年9月2日从全国21家医院入组激素受体阳性HER2阴性晚期乳腺癌内分泌治疗耐药患者361例,按2∶1的比例随机分为两组:达尔西利+氟维司群组241例、安慰剂+氟维司群组120例。主要研究终点为无进展生存(预设单侧P≤0.008为优效)。

  结果,截至2020年11月15日,发生进展或死亡事件162例,达到预设中期分析,两组中位随访分别为10.7和10.6(范围:0.2~16.7、0.8~16.7)个月。

  根据研究者分析结果,达尔西利+氟维司群组与安慰剂+氟维司群组相比:

  • 无进展生存时间:中位15.7个月比7.2个月(95%置信区间:11.1~未达终点、5.6~9.2个月)

  • 进展或死亡风险:减少58%(风险比:0.42,95%置信区间:0.31~0.58,单侧P=0.00000002)

  独立评审委员会分析结果相似,达尔西利+氟维司群组与安慰剂+氟维司群组相比:

  • 无进展生存时间:中位13.6个月比7.7个月(95%置信区间:11.3~未达终点、5.6~10.9个月)

  • 进展或死亡风险:减少55%(风险比:0.45,95%置信区间:0.32~0.64,单侧P=0.00000267)

  根据多因素比例风险回归模型亚组分析,无论其他影响因素如何,达尔西利+氟维司群组与安慰剂+氟维司群组相比,无进展生存时间都显著较长。

  达尔西利+氟维司群最常见的3或4级不良事件为中性粒细胞减少(84.2%)和白细胞减少(62.1%)。达尔西利+氟维司群组与安慰剂+氟维司群组相比,严重不良事件发生率相似(5.8%比6.7%)。

  因此,该研究结果表明,对于激素受体阳性HER2阴性晚期乳腺癌内分泌治疗耐药患者,达尔西利+氟维司群可以作为新的治疗选择。

Nat Med. 2021 Nov 4. Online ahead of print.

Dalpiciclib or placebo plus fulvestrant in hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative advanced breast cancer: a randomized, phase 3 trial.

Binghe Xu, Qingyuan Zhang, Pin Zhang, Xichun Hu, Wei Li, Zhongsheng Tong, Tao Sun, Yuee Teng, Xinhong Wu, Quchang Ouyang, Xi Yan, Jing Cheng, Qiang Liu, Jifeng Feng, Xiaojia Wang, Yongmei Yin, Yanxia Shi, Yueyin Pan, Yongsheng Wang, Weimin Xie, Min Yan, Yunjiang Liu, Ping Yan, Fei Wu, Xiaoyu Zhu, Jianjun Zou; DAWNA-1 Study Consortium.

National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China; Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China; The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Cancer Hospital of China Medical University/Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Breast Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China; Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China; West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China; Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China; Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, China; Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China; Henan Breast Cancer Center/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China.

Blockade of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 pathway has been shown to be effective in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer (ABC). We report the interim results of DAWNA-1 (NCT03927456), a double-blind, randomized, phase 3 trial of dalpiciclib (a new cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor) plus fulvestrant in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative ABC with disease progression after endocrine therapy. A total of 361 patients were randomized 2:1 to receive dalpiciclib plus fulvestrant or placebo plus fulvestrant. The study met the primary end point, showing significantly prolonged investigator-assessed progression-free survival with dalpiciclib plus fulvestrant versus placebo plus fulvestrant (median=15.7, 95% confidence interval (CI)=11.1-not reached versus 7.2, 95% CI=5.6-9.2 months; hazard ratio=0.42, 95% CI=0.31-0.58; one-sided P<0.0001 (boundary was P≤0.008)). The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events with dalpiciclib plus fulvestrant were neutropenia (84.2%) and leukopenia (62.1%). The incidence of serious adverse events was 5.8% with dalpiciclib plus fulvestrant versus 6.7% with placebo plus fulvestrant. Our findings support dalpiciclib plus fulvestrant as a new treatment option for pretreated hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative ABC.

DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01562-9

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