文书中的STAR原则怎么用?附Essay范文分析
进入九月份以来,留学申请又到了最最最火热的申请季。要知道,在商科的学习中,相关Framework的应用也是十分重要的。下文为大家引入留学文书写作的一个重要原则:STAR。
什么是STAR原则?
STAR分别代表的是
S—Situation:事情是在什么情况下发生;
T—Task:你是如何明确你的任务的;
A—Action:针对这样的情况分析,你采用了什么行动方式;
R—Result:结果怎样,在这样的情况下你学习到了什么。
面试者通过这四个方面来阐述自己的经历以及对事件的看法来回答面试官的问题,面试官也可以通过STAR的原则来评判面试者的能力。这一原则后来被应用到文书中的个人经历阐述中,并且逐渐变成一种主流原则。
STAR怎么应用?
通常留学文书写作的题目都是围绕着你自身经历来写的,因此文书的问题
大致都是:请讲出一件最近处理过的挑战或工作困难这一类型。
Situation:最简单了,4W(时间,地点,人物,事件。When,Where,Who,What)不要包括跟4W无关的细节。
Task:Task要讲的尽量具体,以彰显项目的复杂性,紧急性,严重性,从而烘托你有多厉害。但也不要废话,每一句话都要有用。
Action:Action要讲的是你对于情况是怎么分析的,以及是如何执行的。重点突出整个流程的连贯性以及你的行动对整段经历的贡献。
Result:这个部分大家经常忽略,CV里没有写科研的结果,PS里没有写收获。Result必须是通过不断的努力和科学合理的方式手段,成功的解决了这个问题,大家都很满意。而且,Result不光包括事件本身的结果,例如比赛获奖,实习结束拿到Return offer。
更重要的,你的感想,学习,这件事对你的影响。这最后的感想升华,才是画龙点睛,提升Essay水平的关键。
案例分析
STAR原则大致上就是这样的,为了更好地理解,我们接下来就从哈佛大学范文摘取一段为大家分析STAR的应用。
Essay写作范文:
When I broke the news to my volunteer team,we were in a church basement,cleaning up after the final event of the summer.I tried to downplay it.I nudged Ms.Diana,the neighborhood leader,in the shoulder,and said,"Guess what I'll be doing next Wednesday—having lunch with the president."Her face blazed with a kilowatt smile.Before I could slow her down,she shouted,"Christopher's meeting President Obama next week."
Eldred dropped his broom,Ms.Sheila left the cups scattered>—total calls,knocks,voters registered,and events—in the country.
I felt guilty that only I could go and told them so."I wish that I could bring you all with me.You made nearly all of the calls,brought your friends and family along,and made this what it is.I've just been here to facilitate."The others good-naturedly shouted me down.Then Ms.Melva spoke up.Her words were pressed out against the heaving of her respirator."Christopher,don't feel bad.You'll bring us wherever you go in your pocket.Just pull us out when you meet Barack."
For a long time,I was perplexed by her advice.Then I thought back to the exercise that we employed before any volunteer activity.We sat in a circle and gave our reasons for being in the room,willing to work with the campaign.That way,when it came time to make our"hard ask"on the phones,we would be supported by personal conviction and shared purpose.The"hard ask"is the Obama campaign's tactic for garnering support or a commitment to volunteer,moving from values to idealism to specific action.
In my work on the campaign,I am reminded of my cross-country coach,Rob.Before every single race,from petty league meets to national championships,Rob taps the spot on his thigh where a pocket would be.We look at our teammates who are lining up with us and tap the same spot.Coach Rob is reminding us,and we're reminding each other,that we carry"the bastard"in our pockets with us throughout the race.
I want an education that fills my pockets.And,perhaps more importantly,an education that prompts hard asks,that demands us to use the"The bastard in your pocket"is a metaphor for the sum of our efforts to succeed as runners."The bastard"exists as a sort of Platonic ideal form of the high school cross-country runner,melded from accrued mileage and mental conditioning.My goal in a race is to take this ideal form and to transform it into a reality that lives on the course.
I want an education that fills my pockets.And,perhaps more importantly,an education that prompts hard asks,that demands us to use"the bastard"and that uses the compounded experiences of a group for a single purpose.
总结分析
整篇文章围绕着Christopher在暑假里与总统会晤的事件经历,文章以倒叙的形式撰写。根据STAR原则,小编根据此文来为大家分析一下:
S——第一段中,根据4W原则,作者点明了这个经历是发生在他暑假时。事件是代表他的整个团队与总统会面。基本为接下来的经历做了一个铺垫以及介绍了整段经历的一个基本情况。
T——在第三段中,作者详细描述了他的任务就是代表团队与总统会面,作者并没将大幅的篇章花费在与总统的会面上,因为他希望突出他的团队,所以把重点都放在他的团队是如何将这个任务委任给他的。
A——在第四段中,作者是通过回忆整个团队是如何努力合作的,这个流程并没有十分地突显个人功劳,都是以团队的形式在叙事。
R——在最后两段中,作者都注重分析了它在整个过程中的收获,他的一些感想以及他希望通过未来的学习获得什么内容。
总结一下,STAR原则运用在文书上也是十分成功的,但是要成就一篇好的文书,个性化的文书并不是容易的事,需要十分专业的英语知识以及相关文书写作的经验。