个体化营养对健康相关行为改变的影响：欧洲随机对照研究证据
个体化营养通过个体化建议和支持，使每个人都能够改变饮食满足个体化需求。与普通的建议不同，个体化建议采用信息提供特殊建议。
2016年8月14日，国际流行病学协会官方期刊、牛津大学出版社旗下《国际流行病学杂志》在线发表英国纽卡斯尔大学、荷兰马斯特里赫特大学、英国雷丁大学、爱尔兰都柏林大学、西班牙卡洛斯三世健康研究所、希腊哈睿寇蓓大学、德国慕尼黑技术大学、波兰国家食品营养研究所、挪威奥斯陆大学、荷兰微生物学与系统生物学组织、英国EuroGenetica有限公司、美国塔夫茨大学的Food4me随机对照研究报告，发现人们通过互联网接受个体化营养建议能够养成更健康的饮食习惯。
该研究将欧洲7个国家1607位参与者随机分为4组，通过互联网分别给予：
传统的饮食建议（对照组）
个体化营养建议，基于个人原有饮食
个体化营养建议，基于个人原有饮食＋表型（人体测量和生化指标）
个体化营养建议，基于个人原有饮食＋表型＋基因型（5种饮食相关遗传变异）
结局指标为干预0、3、6个月时的饮食摄入量、人体测量指标、血液生化指标。
6个月后，1269位参与者完成研究。结果发现，通过互联网提供个体化营养建议与传统的饮食建议相比，饮食模式显著改善，包括消耗较少的红肉和降低盐摄入量。令人意外的是，无证据显示加入表型、表型＋基因型可对个体化营养建议产生影响。
Int J Epidemiol. 2016 Aug 14. [Epub ahead of print]
Effect of personalized nutrition on health-related behaviour change: evidence from the Food4me European randomized controlled trial.
Celis-Morales C, Livingstone KM, Marsaux CF, Macready AL, Fallaize R, O'Donovan CB, Woolhead C, Forster H, Walsh MC, Navas-Carretero S, San-Cristobal R, Tsirigoti L, Lambrinou CP, Mavrogianni C, Moschonis G, Kolossa S, Hallmann J, Godlewska M, Surwillo A, Traczyk I, Drevon CA, Bouwman J, van Ommen B, Grimaldi K, Parnell LD, Matthews JN, Manios Y, Daniel H, Martinez JA, Lovegrove JA, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Saris WH, Gibney M, Mathers JC; Food4Me Study.
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; University of Reading, Reading, UK; University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; Munich Technical University, Munich, Germany; National Food & Nutrition Institute (IZZ), Warsaw, Poland; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Microbiology and Systems Biology Group, Zeist, The Netherlands; EuroGenetica Ltd, Burnham-on-Sea, UK; Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
BACKGROUND: Optimal nutritional choices are linked with better health, but many current interventions to improve diet have limited effect. We tested the hypothesis that providing personalized nutrition (PN) advice based on information on individual diet and lifestyle, phenotype and/or genotype would promote larger, more appropriate, and sustained changes in dietary behaviour.
METHODS: Adults from seven European countries were recruited to an internet-delivered intervention (Food4Me) and randomized to: (i) conventional dietary advice (control) or to PN advice based on: (ii) individual baseline diet; (iii) individual baseline diet plus phenotype (anthropometry and blood biomarkers); or (iv) individual baseline diet plus phenotype plus genotype (five diet-responsive genetic variants). Outcomes were dietary intake, anthropometry and blood biomarkers measured at baseline and after 3 and 6 months' intervention.
RESULTS: At baseline, mean age of participants was 39.8 years (range 18-79), 59% of participants were female and mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.5 kg/m2. From the enrolled participants, 1269 completed the study. Following a 6-month intervention, participants randomized to PN consumed less red meat [-5.48 g, (95% confidence interval:-10.8,-0.09), P = 0.046], salt [-0.65 g, (-1.1,-0.25), P = 0.002] and saturated fat [-1.14 % of energy, (-1.6,-0.67), P < 0.0001], increased folate [29.6 μg, (0.21,59.0), P = 0.048] intake and had higher Healthy Eating Index scores [1.27, (0.30, 2.25), P = 0.010) than those randomized to the control arm. There was no evidence that including phenotypic and phenotypic plus genotypic information enhanced the effectiveness of the PN advice.
CONCLUSIONS: Among European adults, PN advice via internet-delivered intervention produced larger and more appropriate changes in dietary behaviour than a conventional approach.
KEYWORDS: Personalized nutrition; diet; genotype; internet-based; metabolic health; obesity; phenotype; randomized controlled trial
PMID: 27524815
PII: dyw186
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw186
