在英语中有些短语的字面意思可能不是它的实际意思,它们通常是由一些耳熟能详的单词组成的,如 sit on the fence,而有些短语的字面意思就是它的实际意思,因为这个意思就是中文里面使用的意思,如 dark horse.Sit on the fence 不要理解为“坐在围栏上”,它意为“持观望态度,犹豫不决,骑墙,保持中立”等,例如:
When Jane and Tom argue, it is best to sit on the fence and not make either of them angry.简和汤姆吵架时,最好保持中立,不要让他们两人生气。Dark horse 的字面意思”黑马“就是它的实际意思,在中英文中都用来比喻最近刚取得或将要取得成功的新人,例如:In the 1955 golf championship, dark horse Jack Fleck defeated Ben Hogan.在1955年的高尔夫锦标赛上,黑马杰克·弗莱克击败了本·霍根。He was such a dark horse in the competition.他在比赛中真是一匹黑马。类似的还有 big mouth,它的字面意思”大嘴巴“就是它的实际意思,在中英文中用来比喻自吹自擂、多嘴的人或嘴巴不严的人,相当于 blabbermouth,意思相当于 talk too much,常用于搭配 have a big mouth 中,例如: 1. big mouth:Your big mouth always gets you in trouble at school, Steven!你的大嘴总是让你在学校惹麻烦,史蒂文!His friends are scared of inviting him to the parties as he turns into a big mouth after a few drinks.他的朋友们害怕邀请他参加聚会,因为他喝了几杯后就变成了一个大嘴巴。God you've got a big mouth! Don't you ever stop talking about other people's business?天哪,你真是一个大嘴巴!你就不能停止谈论别人的事吗?2. talk too much: I have a tendency to talk too much when I'm nervous.我紧张时总爱唠叨。He does not talk too much and what he has to say is precise and to the point.他话不多,但他说的话既准确又中肯。当然 big mouth 在中文有本意的用法,也就是大嘴巴,通常指鱼的嘴巴很大,例如:A largemouth bass has a big mouth.一个大口鲈鱼有一个大嘴巴。Look at the big mouth on that bass, Jerry! You could fit a coke can in it.看看那条鲈鱼的大嘴,杰瑞!你可以在里面装一个可乐罐。我们还可以用 talkative,loquacious,verbose 等来形容一个人话多、喋喋不休或健谈的,但 loquacious 是正式用语,它们都是可分级形容词,其中 verbose 带有贬义,因此在使用时要注意区分,例如:1. talkative:She's very happy, talkative, and outgoing.她很快乐,健谈,外向。2. loquacious:Once a loquacious politician, he now makes rarely grants interviews and reads speeches from texts.他曾经是一位口若悬河的政治家,现在很少接受采访,也很少从文本中阅读演讲稿。3. verbose:He was a notoriously verbose after-dinner speaker.他是出了名的饭后唠叨的发言者。Wordy 跟 verbose 类似带有贬义,但 verbose 更正式,它们更常用于表达文章的冗长或堆砌词藻的,例如:1. verbose:His writing is difficult and often verbose.他的文章很晦涩,而且往往篇幅冗长。2. wordy:As usual she gave a reply which was wordy and didn't answer the question.她照常回答了一个措辞含糊的问题,没有回答问题。词或词组辨析: