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TIOBE Index for March 2021March Headline: New features for the TIOBE indexSince there are no interesting changes in the TIOBE index this month, we will reveal some of the new features that will be added to the index in the near future. The first issue concerns a bug fix. Due to the complex algorithm that is used, such as eliminating outliers automatically, the sum of all percentages of all programming languages not always adds up to 100%. This is a bug that should be fixed as soon as possible. After that, a long-awaited feature will become available: programming language properties. The properties that will be tracked are taken from Wikipedia. Examples are language paradigms (object-oriented, functional, ...) and type systems (statically typed, dynamically typed, weakly typed, ...). We will also add trends to see what properties are gaining popularity. The third change we will make is adding nice logos to the languages to make the language tables look a bit more attractive. - Paul Jansen CEO TIOBE SoftwareThe TIOBE Programming Community index is an indicator of the popularity of programming languages. The index is updated once a month. The ratings are based on the number of skilled engineers world-wide, courses and third party vendors. Popular search engines such asGoogle, Bing, Yahoo!, Wikipedia, Amazon, YouTube and Baidu are used to calculate the ratings.It is important to note that the TIOBE index is not about the best programming language or the languagein which most lines of code have been written.The index can be used to check whether your programming skills are still up to date or to make a strategic decision about what programming language should be adopted when starting to build a new software system. The definition of the TIOBE index can be foundhere.Mar 2021Mar 2020ChangeProgramming LanguageRatingsChange12

C15.33%-1.00%21

Java10.45%-7.33%33Python10.31%+0.20%44C++6.52%-0.27%55C#4.97%-0.35%66Visual Basic4.85%-0.40%77JavaScript2.11%+0.06%88PHP2.07%+0.05%912

Assembly language1.97%+0.72%109

SQL1.87%+0.03%1110

Go1.31%+0.03%1218

Classic Visual Basic1.26%+0.49%1311

R1.25%-0.01%1420

Delphi/Object Pascal1.20%+0.48%1536

Groovy1.19%+0.94%1614

Ruby1.18%+0.13%1717Perl1.15%+0.24%1815

MATLAB1.04%+0.05%1913

Swift0.95%-0.28%2019

Objective-C0.91%+0.17%TIOBE Programming Community IndexSource: www.tiobe.comOther programming languagesThe complete top 50 of programming languages is listed below. This overview is published unofficially, because it could be the case that we missed a language. Ifyou have the impression there is a programming language lacking, please notify us [e-mail]. Please also check theoverview of all programming languages that we monitor.PositionProgramming LanguageRatings21SAS0.87%22Fortran0.83%23Scratch0.78%24D0.69%25Transact-SQL0.61%26COBOL0.57%27Rust0.55%28Ada0.53%29Prolog0.52%30Dart0.48%31Kotlin0.46%32Scala0.44%33PL/SQL0.44%34Julia0.41%35(Visual) FoxPro0.41%36Lisp0.36%37Logo0.34%38Lua0.33%39F#0.32%40VBScript0.31%41TypeScript0.31%42ABAP0.30%43VHDL0.27%44LabVIEW0.26%45Apex0.26%46PowerShell0.26%47RPG0.24%48Bash0.23%49Haskell0.23%50Elixir0.23%The Next 50 Programming LanguagesThe following list of languages denotes #51 to #100. Since the differences are relatively small, the programming languages are only listed (in alphabeticalorder).4th Dimension/4D, ABC, ActionScript, Alice, Arc, ATLAS, Awk, B4X, bc, Boo, Bourne shell, C shell, CFML, Clojure, Crystal, DiBOL, Elm, Erlang, EXEC, Forth, Hack, Icon, Inform, Io, J, J#, Korn shell, Ladder Logic, Maple, ML, MQL4, MUMPS, NATURAL, OCaml, OpenCL, OpenEdge ABL, Oz, PL/I, Pure Data, Q, Ring, Scheme, Simulink, Snap!, SPARK, SPSS, Tcl, Vala/Genie, Verilog, ZigThis Month's Changes in the IndexThis month the following changes have been made to the definition of the index:Jay Topping indicated that the "Change" column in the top 20 table is not intuitive. In order to explain the meaning of these columns, hover texts have been added.There are lots of mails that still need to be processed. As soon as there is more time available your mail will be answered. Please be patient.Very Long Term HistoryTo see the bigger picture, please find below the positions of the top 10 programming languages of many years back. Please note that these are average positions for a period of 12 months.Programming Language20212016201120062001199619911986C12221111Java2111328--Python35672316--C++43332228C#54569---JavaScript6799630--PHP764420---R81435-----SQL9-------Go105615-----Perl1487543--Lisp3223121316732Ada3422201515593Programming Language Hall of FameThe hall of fame listing all "Programming Language of the Year" award winners is shown below. The award is given to the programming language that has the highest rise in ratings in a year.YearWinner2020

Python2019

C2018

Python2017

C2016

Go2015

Java2014

JavaScript2013

Transact-SQL2012

Objective-C2011

Objective-C2010

Python2009

Go2008

C2007

Python2006

Ruby2005

Java2004

PHP2003

C++Bugs & Change RequestsThis is the top 5 of most requested changes and bugs. If you have any suggestions how to improve the index don't hesitate to send an e-mail [e-mail] from "<language> programming", also other queries such as "programming with <language>", "<language> development" and "<language> coding" should be tried out.Add queries for other natural languages (apart from English). The idea is to start with the Chinese search engine Baidu. This has been implemented partially and will be completed the next few months.Add a list of all search term requests that have been rejected. This is to minimize the number of recurring mails about Rails, JQuery, JSP, etc.Start a TIOBE index for databases, software configuration management systems and application frameworks.Some search engines allow to query pages that have been added last year. The TIOBE index should only track those recently added pages.Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)Q: Am I allowed to show the TIOBE index in my weblog/presentation/publication?A: Yes, the only condition is to refer to its original source "www.tiobe.com".Q: How may I nominate a new language to be added to the TIOBE index?A: If a language meets the criteria of being listed (i.e. it is Turing complete and has an own Wikipedia entry that indicates that it concerns a programming language) and it is sufficiently popular (more than 5,000 hits for +"<language> programming" for Google), then please write an e-mail [e-mail].Q: I would like to have the complete data set of the TIOBE index. Is this possible?A: We spent a lot of effort to obtain all the data and keep the TIOBE index up to date. In order to compensate a bit for this, we ask a fee of 5,000 US$ for the complete data set. The data set runs from June 2001 till today. It started with 25 languages back in 2001, and now measures more than 150 languages once a month. The data are available in comma separated format. Please contact [e-mail] for more information.Q: Why is the maximum taken to calculate the ranking for a grouping, why not the sum?A: Well, you can do it either way and both are wrong. If you take the sum, then you get the intersection twice. If you take the max, then you miss the difference. Which one to choose? Suppose somebody comes up with a new search term that is 10% of the original. If you take the max, nothing changes. If you take the sum then the ratings will rise 10%. So taking the sum will be an incentive for some to come up with all kinds of obscure terms for a language. That's why we decided to take the max.The proper way to solve this is is of course to take the sum and subtract the intersection. This will give rise to an explosion of extra queries that must be performed. Suppose a language has a grouping of 15 terms, then you have to perform 32,768 queries (all combinations of intersections). So this seems not possible either... If somebody has a solution for this, please let us know.Q: What happened to Java in April 2004? Did you change your methodology?A: No, we did not change our methodology at that time. Google changed its methodology. They performed a general sweep action to get rid of all kinds of web sites that had been pushed up. As a consequence, there was a huge drop for languages such as Java and C++. In order to minimize such fluctuations in the future, we added two more search engines (MSN and Yahoo) a few months after this incident.