《论语·学而》 汉英对照
《论语·学而》Xue Er, Analects of Confucius
英译 James Legge
《学而》是《论语》第一篇的篇名。《论语》中各篇一般都是以第一章的前二三个字作为该篇的篇名。《学而》一篇包括16章，内容涉及诸多方面。其中重点是“吾日三省吾身”；“节用而爱人，使民以时”；“礼之用，和为贵”以及仁、孝、信等道德范畴。
1
子曰： “学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？”
论语学而篇一 依月弦心 - 论语
孔子说：“学了又时常温习和练习，不是很愉快吗？有志同道合的人从远方来，不是很令人高兴的吗？人家不了解我，我也不怨恨、恼怒，不也是一个有德的君子吗？”
The Master said, 'Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?'
2
有子曰：“其为人也孝弟，而好犯上者，鲜矣；不好犯上，而好作乱者，未之有也。君子务本，本立而道生。孝弟也者，其为仁之本与！”
有子说： “孝顺父母，顺从兄长，而喜好触犯上层统治者，这样的人是很少见的。不喜好触犯上层统治者，而喜好造反的人是没有的。君子专心致力于根本的事务，根本建立了，治国做人的原则也就有了。孝顺父母、顺从兄长，这就是仁的根本啊！”
The philosopher You said, 'They are few who, being filial and fraternal, are fond of offending against their superiors. There have been none, who, not liking to offend against their superiors, have been fond of stirring up confusion. The superior man bends his attention to what is radical. That being established, all practical courses naturally grow up. Filial piety and fraternal submission! - are they not the root of all benevolent actions?'
3
子曰： “巧言令色，鲜矣仁！”
孔子说：“花言巧语，装出和颜悦色的样子，这种人的仁心就很少了。”
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The Master said, 'Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue.'
4
曾子曰： “吾日三省吾身：为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？”
曾子说：“我每天多次反省自己，为别人办事是不是尽心竭力了呢？同朋友交往是不是做到诚实可信了呢？老师传授给我的学业是不是复习了呢？”
The philosopher Zeng said, 'I daily examine myself on three points: whether, in transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful; whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere; whether I may have not mastered and practiced the instructions of my teacher.'
5
子曰：“道千乘之国：敬事而信，节用而爱人，使民以时。”
孔子说：“治理一个拥有一千辆兵车的国家，就要严谨认真地办理国家大事而又恪守信用，诚实无欺，节约财政开支而又爱护官吏臣僚，役使百姓要不误农时”。
The Master said, 'To rule a country of a thousand chariots, there must be reverent attention to business, and sincerity; economy in expenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at the proper seasons.'
6
子曰：“弟子入则孝，出则弟，谨而信，泛爱众，而亲仁。行有余力，则以学文。”
孔子说：“弟子们在父母跟前，就孝顺父母；出门在外，要顺从师长，言行要谨慎，要诚实可信，寡言少语，要广泛地去爱众人，亲近那些有仁德的人。这样躬行实践之后，还有余力的话，就再去学习文献知识。”
The Master said, 'A youth, when at home, should be filial, and, abroad, respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He should overflow in love to all, and cultivate the friendship of the good. When he has time and opportunity, after the performance of these things, he should employ them in polite studies.'
7
子夏曰：“贤贤易色，事父母能竭其力，事君能致其身，与朋友交言而有信。虽曰未学，吾必谓之学矣。”
子夏说：“一个人能够看重贤德而不以女色为重；侍奉父母，能够竭尽全力；服侍君主，能够献出自己的生命；同朋友交往，说话诚实恪守信用。这样的人，尽管他自己说没有学习过，我一定说他已经学习过了。”
Zi Xia said, 'If a man withdraws his mind from the love of beauty, and applies it as sincerely to the love of the virtuous; if, in serving his parents, he can exert his utmost strength; if, in serving his prince, he can devote his life; if, in his intercourse with his friends, his words are sincere - although men say that he has not learned, I will certainly say that he has.'
8
子曰：”君子不重则不威，学则不固。主忠信，无友不如己者，过则勿惮改。”
孔子说：“君子，不庄重就没有威严；学习可以使人不闭塞；要以忠信为主，不要同与自己不同道的人交朋友；有了过错，就不要怕改正。”
The Master said, 'If the scholar be not grave, he will not call forth any veneration, and his learning will not be solid. Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles. Have no friends not equal to yourself. When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them.'
9
曾子曰：“慎终追远，民德归厚矣。”
曾子说：“谨慎地对待父母的去世，追念久远的祖先，自然会导致老百姓日趋忠厚老实了。”
The philosopher Zeng said, 'Let there be a careful attention to perform the funeral rites to parents, and let them be followed when long gone with the ceremonies of sacrifice - then the virtue of the people will resume its proper excellence.'
10
子禽问于子贡曰：“夫子至于是邦也，必闻其政，求之与？抑与之与？”子贡曰：”夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。夫子之求之也，其诸异乎人之求之与？”
子禽问子贡说：“老师到了一个国家，总是预闻这个国家的政事。（这种资格）是他自己求得呢，还是人家国君主动给他的呢？”子贡说：“老师温良恭俭让，所以才得到这样的资格，（这种资格也可以说是求得的），但他求的方法，或许与别人的求法不同吧？”
Zi Qin asked Zi Gong, saying, 'When our master comes to any country, he does not fail to learn all about its government. Does he ask his information? or is it given to him?' Zi Gong said, 'Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information. The master's mode of asking information! - is it not different from that of other men?'
11
子曰：“父在，观其志；父没，观其行；三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣。”
孔子说；“当他父亲在世的时候，（因为他无权独立行动），要观察他的志向；在他父亲死后，要考察他的行为；若是他对他父亲的合理部分长期不加改变，这样的人可以说是尽到孝了。”
The Master said, 'While a man's father is alive, look at the bent of his will; when his father is dead, look at his conduct. If for three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial.'
12
有子曰：“礼之用，和为贵。先王之道斯为美，小大由之。有所不行，知和而和，不以礼节之，亦不可行也。”
有子说：“礼的应用，以和谐为贵。古代君主的治国方法，可宝贵的地方就在这里。但不论大事小事只顾按和谐的办法去做，有的时候就行不通。（这是因为）为和谐而和谐，不以礼来节制和谐，也是不可行的。”
The philosopher You said, 'In practicing the rules of propriety, a natural ease is to be prized. In the ways prescribed by the ancient kings, this is the excellent quality, and in things small and great we follow them. Yet it is not to be observed in all cases. If one, knowing how such ease should be prized, manifests it, without regulating it by the rules of propriety, this likewise is not to be done.'
13
有子曰：“信近于义，言可复也；恭近于礼，远耻辱也；因不失其亲，亦可宗也。”
有子说：“讲信用要符合于义，（符合于义的）话才能实行；恭敬要符合于礼，这样才能远离耻辱；所依靠的都是可靠的人，也就值得尊敬了。”
The philosopher You said, 'When agreements are made according to what is right, what is spoken can be made good. When respect is shown according to what is proper, one keeps far from shame and disgrace. When the parties upon whom a man leans are proper persons to be intimate with, he can make them his guides and masters.'
14
子曰：“君子食无求饱，居无求安，敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉，可谓好学也已。”
孔子说：“君子，饮食不求饱足，居住不要求舒适，对工作勤劳敏捷，说话却小心谨慎，到有道的人那里去匡正自己，这样可以说是好学了。”
The Master said, 'He who aims to be a man of complete virtue in his food does not seek to gratify his appetite, nor in his dwelling place does he seek the appliances of ease; he is earnest in what he is doing, and careful in his speech; he frequents the company of men of principle that he may be rectified - such a person may be said indeed to love to learn.'
15
子贡曰：“贫而无谄，富而无骄，何如？”子曰：”可也。未若贫而乐，富而好礼者也。”子贡曰：”《诗》云：“如切如磋，如琢如磨。”其斯之谓与？”子曰：”赐也，始可与言诗已矣！告诸往而知来者。”
子贡说：“贫穷而能不谄媚，富有而能不骄傲自大，怎么样？”孔子说：“这也算可以了。但是还不如虽贫穷却乐于道，虽富裕而又好礼之人。”子贡说：“《诗》上说，'要像对待骨、角、象牙、玉石一样，切磋它，琢磨它’，就是讲的这个意思吧？”孔子说：“赐呀，你能从我已经讲过的话中领会到我还没有说到的意思，举一反三，我可以同你谈论《诗》了。”
Zi Gong said, 'What do you pronounce concerning the poor man who yet does not flatter, and the rich man who is not proud?' The Master replied, 'They will do; but they are not equal to him, who, though poor, is yet cheerful, and to him, who, though rich, loves the rules of propriety.' Zi Gong replied, 'It is said in the Book of Poetry, 'As you cut and then file, as you carve and then polish.' - The meaning is the same, I apprehend, as that which you have just expressed.' The Master said, 'With one like Ci, I can begin to talk about the odes. I told him one point, and he knew its proper sequence.'
16
子曰：“不患人之不己知，患不知人也。”
孔子说：“不怕别人不了解自己，只怕自己不了解别人。”
The Master said, 'I will not be afflicted at men's not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men.'