骨科英文书籍精读（151）｜指骨远端骨折（1）
FRACTURES OF THE TERMINAL PHALANX
The terminal phalanx, small though it is, is subject to five different types of fracture.
Fracture of the tuft
The tip of the finger may be struck by a hammer or caught in a door, and the bone shattered. The fracture is disregarded and treatment is focused on controlling swelling and regaining movement. The painful haematoma beneath the finger nail should be drained by piercing the nail with a hot paper clip. If the nail bed is shattered and cosmesis is important, it should be meticulously repaired under magnification.
Mallet finger injury
After a sudden flexion injury (e.g. stubbing the tip of the finger) the terminal phalanx droops and cannot be straightened actively. Three types of injury are recognized: avulsion of the most distal part of the extensor tendon; avulsion of a small flake of bone from the base of the terminal phalanx; and avulsion of a large dorsal bone fragment, sometimes with subluxation of the terminal interphalangeal (TIP) joint.
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》
重点词汇整理：
tuft /tʌft/n. 一簇；丛生植物；一丛n. (Tuft)人名；(英)塔夫特vt. 用丛毛装饰vi. 丛生
struck /strʌk/adj. 受罢工影响的v. 罢工；打击，撞击（strike 的过去式和过去分词）
shatter /ˈʃætər/n. 碎片；乱七八糟的状态vt. 粉碎；打碎；破坏；破掉；使散开vi. 粉碎；损坏；落叶
haematoma /,hi:mə'təumə, ,hem-/n. [病理] 血肿
drain /dreɪn/n. 排水沟；下水道；负担；消耗v. 排水；流干；喝光；（感情）变淡；使精疲力竭；（非正式）将（球）轻击入穴
cosmesis美容术
meticulously /məˈtɪkjələsli/adv. 细致地；一丝不苟地；拘泥地
magnification. /ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/n. 放大；放大率；放大镜
Mallet /ˈmælɪt/n. 棒，槌棒；木槌；球棍
droop /druːp/n. 下垂；消沉
extensor tendon伸指肌腱
flake/fleɪk/n. 小薄片，碎片
百度翻译：
末节指骨骨折
末节指骨虽小，但有五种不同类型的骨折。
绒毛断裂
指尖可能被锤子击打或被门夹住，骨头碎裂。不考虑骨折，治疗的重点是控制肿胀和恢复活动。指甲下疼痛的血肿应该用热回形针刺穿指甲排干。如果甲床粉碎，美容很重要，应该在放大镜下仔细修复。
锤状指损伤
在突然的屈曲损伤后（例如指尖被戳伤），末节指骨下垂，不能主动伸直。有三种类型的损伤：伸肌腱最远端的撕脱；末节指骨基部的一小片骨撕脱；大的背骨碎片撕脱，有时伴有末梢指间关节半脱位。