“坏”胆固醇太少的危害:我国学者发现LDL-C水平过低与强化抗栓治疗相关的院内出血风险增加有关
近年来,随着各种高效抗栓药物和联合抗栓方案的广泛应用,急性冠脉综合征患者再发缺血事件风险已经显著下降,但是伴随着出血风险的相应增加。如何识别高出血风险人群,并据此采用个体化抗栓方案以降低出血风险,是心血管领域的研究热点之一。以他汀类药物为基石的调脂治疗,通过降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,能够有效延缓乃至逆转动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)的发生和发展。
因此,从ASCVD的防治而言,目前的证据提示LDL-C水平“越低越好”(The Lower,The Better)。然而,既往研究发现在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后接受抗血小板治疗的患者中,LDL-C水平升高与出血风险之间存在保护性联系[1-4];尤其值得注意的是,来自中国、日本和韩国等东亚人群的研究显示,LDL-C水平过低与出血性脑卒中风险的增加有关[5-8]。此外,近期的基础研究显示,前蛋白转化酶枯草杆菌蛋白酶/kexin9型(PCSK9)作为LDL-C代谢调节的关键因子,能够直接激活血小板,促进血栓形成;而PCSK9抑制剂(降低LDL-C的药物)则可阻断这一过程,进而发挥抑制血小板活化和对抗血栓形成的作用[9]。
综上,目前的临床证据和基础研究提示LDL-C可能参与了血栓/出血之间的平衡调节。因此,在人群水平阐明LDL-C与血栓和出血风险之间的剂量-反应关系对于制定个体化的抗栓和调脂治疗策略具有重要的临床意义。
图1. 天津医科大学总医院心内科杨清/周欣团队发表于European Heart Journal的论文首页
图2. 接受PCI治疗的急性冠脉综合征患者入院LDL-C水平与院内严重出血风险的关系(非线性负相关):左图显示LDL-C水平与出血风险的边际效应;右图显示采用1:1倾向性评分匹配后的分别使用氯吡格雷和替格瑞洛作为双联抗血小板治疗时,LDL-C水平与出血风险之间的关系(限制性立方样条曲线)。
参考文献
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来源:European Heart Journal