从六月联考卷谈未来高考七选五题型所隐含的“格局”

虽然是一名普通教师，但我也力求做一个有格局的人。否则，我何以将我的学生教育成有格局的人？

优秀的试题就是最好的教材，它体现高考指挥棒精神，教会我们如何学习、如何思考、如何成为有用的人。

01 学生答题正确率走低及原因分析

  借助大数据，我们合肥八中高二学生在本题上面的答题正确率仅为48%，也即面对这样有高度、有难度的题目（含5小题），1800名学生平均都错到2--3题。

原因归纳为两点：1.对常见体裁文章缺乏提纲敏感度，文章架构意识淡薄甚至可以说没有意识。2.对小语境几个句子之间存在的明显或隐含的逻辑关系缺乏敏感度，即精读能力达不到。

总结到一点，由于教学双方原因，我们的学生在面对涉及格局、涉及思维的题目中，驾驭能力不够。

借用百度百科，格局是一个汉语词语，格是对认知范围内事物认知的程度，局是指认知范围内所做出的事及其结果。不同的人，对事物的认知范围不一样，所以说不同的人，格局不一样。

02 七选五原题呈现及过程分解

  那么，我们如何培养和提升学生的格局意识、逻辑思维，让我们的学生站在新高考的风口呢？下面我结合本次联考的这道七选五题目作为案例，为大家分解过程，带大家体会未来英语高考在阅读侧面所要主张的“格局”。

|| 原题呈现

Ahead of World No Tobacco Day (31 May), the World Health Organization (WHO) is highlighting the damage tobacco causes to lung health: over 40% of all tobacco-related deaths are from lung diseases like cancer, chronic respiratory (慢性呼吸道) diseases and tuberculosis (肺结核). 36.

WHO Director — General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said, “Every year, tobacco kills at least 8 million people. 37. Healthy lungs are essential to living a healthy life. Today — and everyday — you can protect your lungs and those of your friends and family by saying no to tobacco.”

In 2017, tobacco killed 3.3 million users and people exposed to second-hand smoke from lung-related conditions, including:

● 1.5 million people dying from chronic respiratory diseases

● 1.2 million deaths from cancer

● 600,000 deaths from respiratory infections and tuberculosis

38. Those who live on into adulthood are more likely to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) later in life.

39.

WHO is urging countries to fight the tobacco epidemic (流行) through full

implementation of the WHO Framework Corrvention (公约) on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) and enforcing effective tobacco control actions, including WHO’s recommended “MPOWER” policy measures, for example by reducing demand for tobacco through taxation, creating smoke-free places and cessation support.

40. They are responsible for safeguarding the health of their families and communities by informing them of and protecting them from the harms caused by tobacco.

A. What can be done?

B. Don’t let tobacco take your breath away!

C. The Organization also encourages parents and community leaders to take steps.

D. Though smoke may be invisible and scentless, it can linger in the air for up to five hours.

E. WHO is calling on countries to increase action to protect people from exposure to tobacco.

F. Millions more live with lung cancer, tuberculosis or chronic lung disease caused by tobacco.

G. More than 60,000 children aged under 5 die of lower respiratory infections caused by second-hand smoke.

|| 过程分解

36题 选E项。许多考生选择了A、B、F项。

高考七选五题型总字数规定为300以内，所以一般来讲，七选五在命题选材上，在议论文的提出问题--分析问题--解决问题过程中，因受限于字数都略去分析问题环节。我们的学生都习惯于做略去了分析问题环节的七选五题目，故而一旦遇见包含分析问题的题目，就会露出马脚。

今天我所选择的这个题目就属于这个类型。学生们在读完首段（提出问题）之后，就急不可耐地选择了解决问题类的选项A.What can be done?

B项 Don’t let tobacco take your breath away ! 在语意本质上和A项一样，属于解决问题类选项。

而实际情况是，文章的2、3、4段部分属于分析问题类选项！

本小题选E. WHO is calling on countries to increase action to protect people from exposure to tobacco.原因有二。1.该选项句意属于提出问题范畴，按位置感技巧，放在第一段非常适合；2.该选项顺利地完成了逻辑层面的承上启下。

选F的考生不顾句意重复、漠视议论文提出问题--分析问题--解决问题的文篇架构，凭感觉做题，最没有格局！

37题 选F. Millions more live with lung cancer, tuberculosis or chronic lung disease caused by tobacco.

结合小语境三句话策略，该空前面有8million people, 后面接上Millions more live with lung cancer, tuberculosis or chronic lung disease caused by tobacco.最为贴切。一个more字，显现逻辑上的递进关系。

许多考生选择了B. Don’t let tobacco take your breath away! 从语义角度，本句话语义非常概括，属于解决问题类选项。而反观该空左边一句话Every year, tobacco kills at least 8 million people.及右边一句话Healthy lungs are essential to living a healthy life.都是非常具体的表述。也即选B项错就错在语义概括度上的激烈冲突。

38题 选G. More than 60,000 children aged under 5 die of lower respiratory infections caused by second-hand smoke.与其后面一句Those who live on into adulthood are more likely to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) later in life.构成“死亡者--幸运存活者”之间的并列关系，属于逻辑层面。

39题 选A.What can be done?

许多考生选择了B、E项。

本题再次暴露出不能驾驭议论文布局给考生造成的困难。本文从该句话开始已经进入解决问题环节。而B项更适合作为文章结尾语来用；E项属于提出问题范畴。

40题 选C.The Organization also encourages parents and community leaders to take steps.参照该句关键词parents/community在本段后面内容都有呼应families/communities.

许多考生选择了B. Don’t let tobacco take your breath away! 从语义角度，本句话语义非常概括，与40空后面非常具体的解决措施在主题对准度上不吻合。

选G的考生对议论文框架意识淡薄,缺乏无格局意识。

03 写在最后

  当下及未来新高考聚焦思维、聚焦格局，老师和考生最好将遇到的好题目作为案例来分析，完成教学相长。

坚持专业原创，服务素养高考 .