在英语中,for 有两个词性,一是非常常见的介词,另一个是连词。在日常应用中,for 作为介词更为常见,是一个即常见又重要的介词,用好它有画龙点睛(finishing touch)的效果;同时,它还可以作连词,也曾经让很多人困扰过。 一、作介词1. for 表示意在帮助某人或某物,或使他们受益等。a. 意为”给,对,供“,表对象、用途等,例如: I’ve brought a cup of tea for you.我给你带来了一杯茶。We got a new table for the dining room.我们给饭厅添了一张新桌子。b. 意为”以帮助,为了“,相当于in order tohelp sb,例如: Betty will take care of things for us while we’re away.我们不在的时候贝蒂会帮我们处理事情的。Can you translate this letter for me?你能为我翻译这封信吗?c. 意为”拥护,支持,同意,赞成“等,相当于 in support of sb/sth,例如:We are here today to honour those who died for their country.我们今天在这里是为了纪念那些为国家牺牲的人。Are you for or against the proposal?你支持还是反对这个建议?Everyone says they are for equal opportunities.每个人都说赞成机会平等。2. for 表目的或功能The red button is for turning the machine off.红色按钮是用来关机器的。Are you learning English for pleasure or for your work?你学英语是出于消遣还是为了工作?3. for 表示一段时间或距离,例如:We walked for miles.我们走了好几英里。I'm just going to lie down for an hour or so.我要躺一个小时左右。4. for 表示安排或预定,意为”在…时“,后面跟具体的时间或日期,例如:The meeting was planned for 10 o’clock.会议计划在10点钟举行。We're invited for 7.30.我们受到邀请,7点30分出席。5. for 意为”受雇于,代表“,后面跟群体或组织等,例如:She works for a firm of accountants.她在一家会计师事务所工作。I am speaking for everyone in this department.我代表这个部门全体人员讲话。6. for 意为”花费,以…的价钱“,例如:I sold my car for £900.我以900美元卖了我的车。How much do you want for those two lamps?那两盏灯你要多少钱?7. for 跟在形容词、名词或动词短语后面,常用于结构 for sb/sth to do sth 中,引出其后动词不定式的主语,例如:It's useless for us to continue.我们继续做下去也无用。It was difficult for me to understand what he was saying.我很难理解他在说的话。There's no need for you to go.你不必走。8. for 表原因,意为“因为,由于”,常置于名词 reason 或 cause 之后,例如:He was sick for lack of food.他因缺乏食物而生病。He got an award for bravery.他因英勇受奖。Did he give any reason for arriving so late?他说明了来得这么晚的原因吗?As far as we knew, there was no cause for concern.就我们所知,没有什么要担心的。9. for 表情感的对象,意为”替…(感到),为…(感到)“,例如:I’m so happy for you!我真为你高兴!It’s clear that she has great affection for her grandchildren.很明显,她对孙子孙女很有感情。10. for 表示去向,意为“去,向”,例如:What time are you leaving for home?你什么时候回家?Is this the bus for Chicago?这辆公共汽车是去芝加哥的吗?11. for 表示某事发生的场合,意为“在,为了”,例如:What did you buy him for Christmas?圣诞节你给他买了什么?We haven’t decided what to do for her birthday.我们还没决定她生日该做什么。12. for 表示相对来说不同寻常,意为”就…而言“,例如:She's tall for her age.就她这个年龄而言,她个子算是高的。That's too much responsibility for a child.就一个孩子而言,这责任是太重了。13. for 意为”意思是“,例如:Red roses are for love.红玫瑰意思是爱情。Shaking your head for 'No’ is not universal.以摇头表示“不”,并非放诸四海而皆准。14. for 表示谁可以或应该做某事,意为”由“,例如:It's not for me to say why he left.不适宜由我说出他离开的原因。How to spend the money is for you to decide.怎样花这笔钱由你决定。15. for 表示某事如何影响或与某人有关,意为”对…来说“,例如:What matters for most scientists is money and facilities.对多数科学家来说,资金和设备是至关重要的。Living conditions for most of the citizens are very bad.对大多数市民来说,生活条件非常差。二、作连词作连词表原因,意思相当于 because 或 as,意为”因为,由于“,不能放在句首,例如:We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families.我们急不可待地听着,因为他带来了我们家人的消息。She told the truth, for she had nothing to lose.她说了实话,因为她没有什么可失去的。I had to stay at home and finish my assignment – for the deadline was soon.我不得不呆在家里完成我的任务,因为最后期限很快就到了。