20170605 长难句每日一句
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【前文回顾：请速看速决】
Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.
In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see. It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal. This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too.
Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features.
自亚里士多德的时代起，对普遍原理的探求就一直是科学事业的主要特征。在某些方面，寻找事物的共性也正是科学的定义/内涵。牛顿的运动定律和达尔文的进化论都是把很多不同现象纳入到一个单独框架来解释。
在物理学上，有一种方法是将这种追求统一的冲动发挥到极点，它寻找一种万能的理论，即一种单一的能够解释我们所能看到的一切的通用公式。然而，考虑到/鉴于这样的一种理论所涉及的维度和范畴，它是否还算是一种简化就变得越来越说不清楚了。尽管如此，寻找万物的统一性仍然是一个主要目标。很久以来，在自然科学这种趋势在社会科学中也很明显。
在这里，达尔文主义似乎提供了一个正当理由：如果所有的人类都有共同的起源，那么文化差异能够追寻到更有限的开端，这一假设好像也是合理的。正如人类令人眼花缭乱的多种求偶仪式都能被认为是性别选择的某种模式一样，世界上的语言、音乐、社会习惯和宗教习俗甚至历史都可能由某些统一的特点所驾驭。
【今日长难句：请细致学习】
To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.
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【结构解析】
1. “To filter out what is unique from what is shared”为动词不定式充当主语，其中“what is unique from what is shared”为“filter out”的宾语从句。翻译理解时如果主语较长，则可以将主语单独处理，即：从共有特征中滤出独有特性。
2. enable sb. to do sth. 可理解为固定搭配，译为：使某人能够做到某件事。“how complex cultural behavior arose”和“what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms”均为 “understand”的宾语从句。
【词的处理】
filter out 过滤出
unique / juˈni:k / adj. 独一无二的
complex / ˈkɔmpleks; NAmE kəmˈpleks; ˈkɑ:m- / adj. 复杂的，难懂的
arose / əˈraiz / vi. 发生，产生
evolutionary / ˌi:vəˈlu:ʃənri; ˌev-; NAmE -neri / adj. 进化的；演变的
cognitive / ˈkɔɡnətiv; NAmE ˈkɑ:ɡ- / adj. 认知的，感知的
in …terms 从。。。角度
【参考译文】
To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.
从共有特征中滤出独有特性，这可能使我们能够理解复杂的文化行为是如何出现的，并从进化或认知角度理解什么引导了它的走向。
【明日长难句】
That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check.
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