以B篇阅读为例谈八省联考的阅读理解对我的启发

八省联考阅读很多学生做完后，眉开眼笑，觉得好容易，结果和老师一对答案，懵了，错得比平时严重多了。什么原因？

1.八省联考阅读文章本身就不容易，词汇量蛮大的，但是你也能看懂。
2.阅读题目不简单，有些稍不注意就掉到坑里去。读者注意：阅读文章容易不代表题目容易。
3.长难句很多，而且恰好就是题目定位句。很多人文章大概懂，偏偏这个长难句不懂。实际上命题人心里明镜似的，他十分清楚你的水平在哪个位置，他绝对比你还懂你自己。

纵观最近两年的高考阅读，一个非常深刻的感受：对语篇结构的考查很普遍。

语篇考查一般不会直接进行考查，而是渗透在很多细节中，譬如本篇。

语篇结构的掌握，并不能让你解题的准确率100%，但会让你解题更加高效和有章可循。阅读理解有很多题目是考查长难句理解的（譬如最后一题），也有很多是考查区分实验目的和结果的（譬如D篇第一题）等。凡此种种，都需要在阅读过程中细心总结。我们很多学生很少关注这个，总觉得我做全对了，并没有理解结构和长难句啊，须不知遇到高水平的题目，很快就露陷，被打的找不到北。而对语篇的探索和对不同题目的命题探索都是从比较容易上手的文章入手的。好比数学解题，课本上的例题似乎很容易，但是再难的题目都是从这种基础例题变化而来。

我经常让学生起来翻译段落中的关键长难句若干，做全对的同学翻译错误百出为常事，主要是很多人误以为阅读理解不用理解每个句子的意思，但这是建立在你已经具备了这个能力的基础上可以不用明白每个长难句的意思。理解长难句的基础能力都不具备，却去大谈如何快速做题，实际上也是本末倒置了。

高考，我来了！

文章结构

1

介绍概念主题

Introducing the topic: carbon footprint…one question …? (引出概念，并对应第一题问写作目的，即这个问句的paraphrase)

2

过渡：回答问题

. Answering the question: some things are better new and others are better used.（点明主旨之问，和首段结合就是主旨）

3

阐释主题

Explain the answer: 上段末句let’s explain it就说明了。这个阐述里分两层，而第二个题目就是针对第二层。

4

总结

Conclusion:这一段其实也是建议了，回答第一段我们如何做选择，和第二段几乎完全一样的内容，只是解释更具体而已。这一段对应最后一题。

题目

In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment, in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives. Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices than, let's say, 20 years ago. But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods?

After doing some research, I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used. Let me try to explain.

A carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions（排放）of carbon dioxide（CO2）from the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use-those related to their production and breakdown.

Based on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However, for the car and the other appliances（设备）that we need we can go with new, energy-saving models. I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory. So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy-saving models. The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.

24. What is the text mainly about? （    ）

A. What appliances to buy to save energy.

B. What a carbon footprint means in our life.

C. How to identify different carbon footprints.

D. How to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices.

25. What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint? （    ）

A. It is related to our consumption of fuels.

B. It is made when we are buying the products.

C. It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint.

D. It is counted as ours though not directly made by us.

26. Which of the following helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author?（     ）

A. Using second-hand textbooks.             B. Using old and expensive cars.

C. Buying new but cheap clothes.             D. Buying new wooden furniture.

27. 'The footprint' underlined in the last sentence refers to the CO2 produced in ________（    ）

A. using the product               B. recycling the product

C. making the product             D. transporting the product

分析

In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment, in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives. Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices than, let's say, 20 years ago. But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods?

Para. 1: 主题句：... is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods?

A carbon footprint is...说明这是下定义，判断本文是概念介绍说明文，这类文章一定要理解定义，否则后面返工耽误时间。

功能词：

1. in particular climate change

2. Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices

3. one question...: is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods?

脑子里迅速确定 A carbon footprint的定义的核心，以及主题：

... is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods?

如果抓住了概念文的特点，那么第一题就容易了：

24. What is the text mainly about? （    ）

A. What appliances to buy to save energy.

B. What a carbon footprint means in our life.

C. How to identify different carbon footprints.

D. How to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices.

只有D项：如何做出环保生活方式的选择，和末句：是买环保新产品

After doing some research, I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used. Let me try to explain.

Para. 2: 回答第一段的问题：some things are better new and others are better used.

A carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions（排放）of carbon dioxide（CO2）from the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use-those related to their production and breakdown.

Para. 3: 主题句：A carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint.

本段是具体阐述概念的内涵，作者分成两类，那么就要关注两个类别的异同，尤其是不同的地方。

The primary footprint：

direct emissions

the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation

The secondary footprint：

the indirect CO2 emissions we use

the whole lifecycle of products…production and breakdown

25. What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint? （    ）

A. It is related to our consumption of fuels.

B. It is made when we are buying the products.

C. It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint.

D. It is counted as ours though not directly made by us.

这道题问的是The secondary footprinted 的特点，请对照表格里的，属于细节题：

It is counted as ours = we use; not directly made by us = indirect CO2 emissions

干扰项是B，命题人利用buy来混淆use。

Based on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However, for the car and the other appliances（设备）that we need we can go with new, energy-saving models. I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory. So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy-saving models. The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.

这一段主题句：we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint.

主要是总结，照应首段，说明我们要控制好我们的carbon footprint。

However是个mark word，前面说的是focus on finding used goods，后面说的是we can go with new, energy-saving models。最后一句是总结：最主要的问题是，我们投入在制造新产品的能量和生产产品时所产生的额外的碳是不是值得产品带来的碳足迹？（这是字面直译，可以这样理解：打个比方，假如碳足迹总数为100，相同功能的新产品碳足迹可能只有60，在出厂后减去生产中的10%只有54的释放量了；那么生产中的碳足迹数量6（就是末句里的extra carbon）加上生产过程中的投入的能量和新产品使用中的碳足迹（54）比起来是不是值得？

关键还是that extra carbon的理解，因为that的限制，所指不大可能太远，靠近原则就是指the making of new products过程中的。这题直接决定了27题答案A。

26. Which of the following helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author? （     ）

A. Using second-hand textbooks.             B. Using old and expensive cars.

C. Buying new but cheap clothes.             D. Buying new wooden furniture.

这道题同样利用can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. 和it seems most reasonable to go for the energy-saving models.两句，对比，只有A项符合。

27. 'The footprint' underlined in the last sentence refers to the CO2 produced in _________. （    ）

A. using the product               B. recycling the product

C. making the product             D. transporting the product

根据分析，选A。

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