点融合初识!
最近接触到这个点融合技术,所以就找来一些资料,大家一起学习。
一、初识这种技术?
Point merge is a systemised method for sequencing arrival flows developed by the EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre (EEC) in 2006.
Point merge is now operational in 28 places over 4 continents and the list keeps on growing. First deployed in Oslo (2011) and Dublin (2012), the new method quickly achieved an international outreach, not only within the ECAC area, but also far beyond its borders. It was put into operation at Seoul (2012), Paris ACC (2013), three Norwegian regional airports (2014), Kuala Lumpur (2014), Lagos (2014), Canary Islands (Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, 2014), London City and Biggin Hill (2016). More recent implementations include Bogota (2017), Saint Petersburg (2017), Jeju in South Korea (2017), IST-Sabiha Gökçen and the new Istanbul airport (2018), Moscow Sheremetyevo (2018), Bergamo (2019), Tokyo Haneda (2019), Ekaterinburg (2019), Ho Chi Minh City (2019), Nur-Sultan (2019) and Shanghai – Pudong (ZSPD) (2020). Next implementation is planned, at Lisbon (April 2020) and there is a firm plan for São Paulo (September 2020).
运行区域已经随着技术的不断成熟而越发广泛,点融合技术已在全球4大洲的28个地方运行,并且列表还在不断增加。该方法首次在Oslo奥斯陆(2011)和Dublin都柏林(2012)部署,不仅在ECAC地区而且在其边界之外也迅速实现了国际推广。它已在首尔(2012),巴黎ACC(2013),三个挪威支线机场(2014),吉隆坡(2014),拉各斯(2014),加那利群岛(兰萨罗特和富埃特文图拉,2014),伦敦市等地投入运营。
最近的应用区域包括波哥大(2017),圣彼得堡(2017),韩国济州(2017),新伊斯坦布尔机场(2018),莫斯科谢列梅捷沃(2018),贝加莫(2019),东京羽田( 2019),叶卡捷琳堡(2019),胡志明市(2019),努尔苏丹(2019)和上海–浦东(ZSPD)(2020)。
Point Merge is one of the ICAO aviation system block upgrades (ASBU) and is referenced as a technique to support continuous descent operations (CDO - ICAO doc 9931).
点融合技术是国际民航组织航空系统模块升级之一,是一种支持连续下降运行的技术。
Point Merge is designed to work in high traffic loads without radar vectoring. iT is based on a specific P-RNAV route structure, consisting of a point (the merge point) and pre-defined legs (the sequencing legs) equidistant from this point. The sequencing is achieved with a “direct-to” instruction to the merge point at the appropriate time. The legs are only used to delay aircraft when necessary (“path stretching”); the length of the legs reflects the required delay absorption capacity.
二、点融合技术的优点是什么?
如今,雷达矢量化导致的情况是繁重的控制器工作量,大量的无线电通信,飞行员的态势感知能力下降,难以预测和改善垂直剖面以及在低空高度分散。
即使在高交通负载下,Point Merge也有望在安全性,环境(在进近扇区)和容量(在终端扇区)方面提供好处。
根据操作和环境限制以及所做出的设计选择,这些是预期的好处:
1、简化控制器任务,减少通信和工作量;
2、更好的建立飞行员情景意识;
3、更加有序的交通流,更好地了解到达顺序;
4、融合点之后改善了飞行轨迹的控制;
5、更好的轨迹预测,从而提高飞行效率;
6、运营标准化和更好的空域管理。
7、在机场的层面,有利于减少航班延误,提高航班准点率;
8、在公司的层面,有利于减少燃油消耗、降低运行成本。
总的来说,有利于提升安全水平、提高空域的使用效率。要达到预期的效果,也有一些前提条件包括:设计时,需要贴合实际运行的需求;在实际应用时,管制员和飞行员能够良好的协作。
下次一起看看浦东和广州的点融合技术。