(基础)胸片读片步骤
左房增大、心脏肿大或心包积液
右上叶或左上叶塌陷(将主支气管向上拉)
双肺实变
-由肺间质(结缔组织)增厚产生
-呈粗糙或分枝的条索状阴影。心脏失去了它正常的平滑轮廓,看起来“蓬松”。
·结节状阴影:小、离散、边界不清、直径1 - 5mm
一侧比另一侧大
一侧密度比另一个高
正常凹陷形状消失(这可能是肺门增大首先出现的迹象)。
在胸片上看到的每个肺门复合体包括的结构有:
1. 肺动脉
2. 支气管
3.淋巴结(除非增大否则看不见)
4. 上、下肺静脉
在评估肺门增大时,需考虑到以上结构,然后进一步判断。
A 片子质量及气道评估 Assessment of quality / Airway
position: is this a supine AP file? PA? Lateral?
inspiration: count the posterior ribs. You should see 10 to 11 ribs with a good inspiratory effect
exposure: well-exposed films have good lung detail and an outline of the spinal column
rotation: the space between the medial clavicle and the margin of the adjacent vertebrae should be roughly equal to each other; look for indwelling lines or objects
B 骨与软组织 Bones and soft tissues
C 心脏 Cardiac
D 膈 Diaphragm
E 胸腔积液/胸外软组织 Effusions / Extrathoracic soft tissue
F 肺野、肺裂、异物 Fields, fissures and foreign bodies
G 大血管、胃泡 Great vessels / gastric bubble
H 肺门与纵隔 Hila and mediastinum
I 直觉 Impression
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