孩子也可以读读莎士比亚:英美诗歌双语(15)

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作为英国文学史上最杰出的戏剧家,全世界最卓越的文学家之一,莎士比亚流传下来的作品包括37部戏剧、154首十四行诗、两首长叙事诗,堪称著作等身。他的作品从生活真实出发,深刻地反映了时代风貌和社会本质。其戏剧情节生动、丰富,人物具有鲜明个性,同时具有典型意义;作品中现实主义的刻画和浪漫主义的氛围巧妙结合;而语言丰富饱满,富有表现力,并具有创造性。他创造出相当数量生动活泼、简洁精辟、色彩鲜明的短语或习语,极大地丰富了英语的表现力,也使其作品更富有情趣、诗意和魅力。

莎士比亚不仅精于遣词造句,而且善用修辞,作品中比喻、笑谑、拟人、双关语等别开生面,许多佳句音韵美妙,或表现鲜明形象,或者表达深刻哲理,更有利于他的作品语言在日常生活中的广泛传播和被人接受。

但其表达复杂,且篇幅冗长,对孩子来说,依然是个十分艰巨的挑战,其晦涩难懂,也不易于孩子所接受。加上莎翁戏剧里的很多人性暗黑阴暗面,也并非低龄孩子所合适阅读的。但是莎士比亚的诗歌毫不拘谨,自由奔放,诗歌的语言富于想象,感情充沛,颇能引起共鸣。因此,怎么读,如何读,读哪些作品,都是值得考量的。不过,从一个人阅读的历史来看,不管早晚,在浩繁的千万种书籍中,总是会遇到莎士比亚的。因此,我们还是建议孩子们读一读他的一些原著,特别是诗歌作品。诗塾本期花长时间未孩子们选出了一些感情真挚的十四行诗,以及节选于戏剧中的诗歌作品,给孩子们阅读。

这些适合孩子们读的《莎士比亚诗歌选》,希望孩子们多多尝试,读出你自己的理解,读出你自己心中的哈姆雷特,麦克白,读出你心中的夏天,春天,你心中的月光......

………………………………

《春之歌》

(喜剧《爱的徒劳》节选)

当杂色的雏菊开遍牧场,

 蓝的紫罗兰,白的美人衫,

还有那杜鹃花吐蕾娇黄,

 描出了一片广大的欣欢。

(朱生豪 译)

Spring 
(from Comedy: Love’s Labour Lost)

When daisies pied and violets blue

And lady-smocks all silver-white

And cuckoo-buds of yellow hue

Do paint the meadows with delight.

………………………………

我怎么能够把你来比作夏天

(《十四行诗第十八首》)

我怎么能够把你来比作夏天?

你不独比它可爱也比它温婉:

狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践,

夏天出赁的期限又未免太短:

天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈,

它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽:

被机缘或无常的天道所摧折,

没有芳艳不终于凋残或消毁。

但是你的长夏永远不会凋落,

也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳,

或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊,

当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。

只要一天有人类,或人有眼睛,

这诗将长存,并且赐给你生命。

Sonnet 18

by William Shakespeare

Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?

Thou art more lovely and more temperate.

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,

And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,

And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;

And every fair from fair sometime declines,

By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimm'd;

But the eternal summer shall not fade,

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;

Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,

When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st.

So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

………………………………

越过山岗,越过溪谷
(选自《仲夏夜之梦》)

越过山岗,越过溪谷,

穿过荆棘,穿过灌木,

越过公园,越过围栏,

穿过洪水,穿过大火,

我漫游在大地各个角落,

比天上的月亮还要迅速;

我为仙女之王服务,

给她天体上的草地撒清露:

高高的黄花九轮草是她的侍卫;

他们穿着缀满金色斑点的制服;

那些是红宝石,仙女的最爱,

其品味存在于那些斑点之内:

我要在这里寻找一些露珠,

给每朵黄花九轮草的耳朵挂上珍珠。

Over Hill, over Dale

(From A Midsummer Night's Dream)

OVER hill, over dale,

Thorough bush, thorough brier,

Over park, over pale,

Thorough flood, thorough fire,

I do wander everywhere,

Swifter than the moone's sphere;

And I serve the fairy queen,

To dew her orbs upon the green:

The cowslips tall her pensioners be;

In their gold coats spots you see;

Those be rubies, fairy favours,

In those freckles live their savours:

I must go seek some dew-drops here,

And hang a pearl in every cowslip's ear.

………………………………

我们那时是......
(选自《冬天的故事》)

我们那时是两个不知道有将来的孩子,

以为明天就跟今天一样,永远是个孩子。

我们就像是在阳光中欢跃的一对孪生的羔羊,

彼此交换着咩咩的叫唤。

我们各以一片天真相待,不懂得做恶事,

也不曾梦想到世间会有恶人。

要是我们继续过那种生活,

要是我们的脆弱的心灵从不曾被激烈的情欲所激动,

那么我们可以大胆向上天说,

人类所继承下来的罪恶,我们是无分的。

We were, fair Queen

(From The Winter's Tale: I, ii )

We were, fair Queen,

Two lads that thought there was no more behind

But such a day to-morrow as to-day,

And to be boy eternal.

We were as twinn'd lambs that did frisk i' th' sun

And bleat the one at th' other. What we chang'd

Was innocence for innocence; we knew not

The doctrine of ill-doing, nor dream'd

That any did. Had we pursu'd that life,

And our weak spirits ne'er been higher rear'd

With stronger blood, we should have answer'd heaven

Boldly 'Not guilty,' the imposition clear'd

Hereditary ours.

………………………………

生存还是毁灭?这是个问题

(选自《哈姆雷特》)

生存还是毁灭?这是个问题。

究竟哪样更高贵,去忍受那狂暴的命运无情的摧残

还是挺身去反抗那无边的烦恼,把它扫一个干净。

去死,去睡就结束了,

如果睡眠能结束我们心灵的创伤

和肉体所承受的千百种痛苦,

那真是生存求之不得的天大的好事。

去死,去睡,去睡,也许会做梦!

唉,这就麻烦了,即使摆脱了这尘世

可在这死的睡眠里又会做些什么梦呢?

真得想一想,就这点顾虑使人受着终身的折磨,

谁甘心忍受那鞭打和嘲弄,

受人压迫,受尽侮蔑和轻视,

忍受那失恋的痛苦,法庭的拖延,

衙门的横征暴敛,

默默无闻的劳碌却只换来多少凌辱。

但他自己只要用把尖刀就能解脱了。

谁也不甘心,呻吟、流汗拖着这残生,

可是对死后又感觉到恐惧,

又从来没有任何人从死亡的国土里回来,

因此动摇了,宁愿忍受着目前的苦难

而不愿投奔向另一种苦难。

顾虑就使我们都变成了懦夫,

使得那果断的本色蒙上了一层思虑的惨白的容颜,

本来可以做出伟大的事业,

由于思虑就化为乌有了,

丧失了行动的能力。

To Be, Or Not To Be 
(Hamlet, Act Iii, Scene I)

To be, or not to be: that is the question:

Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,

And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;

No more; and by a sleep to say we end

The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks

That flesh is heir to, ‘tis a consummation

Devoutly to be wish’d. To die, to sleep;

To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there’s the rub;

For in that sleep of death what dreams may come

When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,

Must give us pause: there’s the respect

That makes calamity of so long life;

For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,

The oppressor’s wrong, the proud man’s contumely,

The pangs of despised love, the law’s delay,

The insolence of office and the spurns

That patient merit of the unworthy takes,

When he himself might his quietus make

With a bare bodkin? who would fardels bear,

To grunt and sweat under a weary life,

But that the dread of something after death,

The undiscover’d country from whose bourn

No traveller returns, puzzles the will

And makes us rather bear those ills we have

Than fly to others that we know not of?

Thus conscience does make cowards of us all;

And thus the native hue of resolution

Is sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought,

And enterprises of great pith and moment

With this regard their currents turn awry,

And lose the name of action.

………………………………

云      雀

(选自《维纳斯与阿都尼》)

看! 云雀轻盈,

蜷伏了一夜感到

不受用, 从草地上

带露的栖息处,

盘上了天空,把清晨醒。

只见从清晨银色的前胸,

太阳初升,威仪俨俨,

步履安详,气度雍容。

目光四射,辉煌地看着

世界的气象万种,把树巅山顶,

都映得黄金一般灿烂光明。

Hark! Hark! The Lark

(from  Venus and Adonis)

Hark! hark! the lark at heaven's gate sings,

And Phoebus 'gins arise,

His steeds to water at those springs

On chalic'd flowers that lies;

And winking Mary-buds begin

To ope their golden eyes;

With everything that pretty is,

My lady sweet, arise:

Arise, arise!

………………………………

全世界是个舞台

(选自《皆大欢喜》)

全世界是个舞台,

男男女女只是演员而已;

他们都有其退场和登场;

人生在世扮演着多种角色,

他的表演有七个时期。起初是婴儿,

在妈妈怀里又哭又吐;

然后是哭哭啼啼的学童,背了书包,

朝阳般的脸膛,一步一挪慢如蜗牛,

勉勉强强去上学。然后是恋人;

唉声叹气如同炉灶冒烟,编了一曲悲歌

形容情人的娥眉。然后,当了士兵;

奇怪的誓言不绝于口,胡须如同豹子的触须,

珍惜荣誉,动辄争吵,

追求虚名

那怕对着炮口。然后,做了法官;

大腹便便填满了阉鸡,

目光严厉,胡须修剪齐整,

满嘴智慧的格言和陈腐的俗套;

他就是如此扮演自己的角色。第六个时期

变成穿拖鞋的傻老头!

鼻上托眼镜,腰边挂钱包;

年轻时保存好的长袜,套在干瘪小腿上,

宽大又晃荡;男子汉的大嗓门

又变成尖声的童音,

声调如风笛和口哨。最后一场,

结束了这出奇怪多事的史剧,

是二度童年,遗忘得一片茫然;

没有牙齿,没有视力,没有口味,没有一切。

All the world's a stage
(from "As You Like It")

All the world's a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;
They have their exits and their entrances,
And one man in his time plays many parts,
His acts being seven ages. At first, the infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms.
Then the whining schoolboy, with his satchel
And shining morning face, creeping like snail
Unwillingly to school. And then the lover,
Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad
Made to his mistress' eyebrow. Then a soldier,
Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honor, sudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon's mouth. And then the justice,
In fair round belly with good capon lined,
With eyes severe and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise saws and modern instances;
And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts
Into the lean and slippered pantaloon,
With spectacles on nose and pouch on side;
His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank, and his big manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble, pipes
And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all,
That ends this strange eventful history,
Is second childishness and mere oblivion,
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.

………………………………

树  荫  之  下

(选自《皆大欢喜》)

树荫之下

谁愿与我高卧,

唱着愉快的曲子

与鸟儿甜美的歌应和,

归来吧,归来吧:

这里的生活

没有仇恨

只有冬季和偶尔糟糕的天气。

谁能放下炽热的身心

乐意居于阳光里,

采集自己的食物,

安于自己所得,

归来吧,归来吧:

这里的生活

没有仇恨

只有冬季和偶尔糟糕的天气。

Under the greenwood tree

(from "As You Like It")

Under the greenwood tree

Who loves to lie with me,

And turn his merry note

Unto the sweet bird's throat—

Come hither, come hither, come hither!

Here shall he see

No enemy

But winter and rough weather.

Who doth ambition shun

And loves to live i' the sun,

Seeking the food he eats

And pleased with what he gets—

Come hither, come hither, come hither!

Here shall he see

No enemy

But winter and rough weather.

………………………………

月光多么恬静地睡在这山坡上
(选自《威尼斯商人》)

月光多么恬静地睡在这山坡上!

我们就在这儿坐下来,

让音乐之声悄悄爬进我们的耳朵;

柔和寂静的夜色

恰与这和谐甜美的音符相配。

坐下来,杰西卡。

瞧,天宇中嵌满了多少灿烂的金钹;

你所看见的每一颗微小的星体,

在转动的时候都发出天使般的声音,

永远朝着眼睛亮晶晶的基路伯歌唱。

在不朽的灵魂里也有这一种音乐,

可是当它套上这一具泥土制成的衣服以后,

我们便再也听不见它了。

How Sweet the Moonlight Sleeps upon This Bank
(from Merchant of Venice)

How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank!

Here will we sit, and let the sounds of the music

Creep in our ears: soft stillness, and the night,

Become the touches of sweet harmony.

Sit, Jessica: look, how the floor of heaven

Is thick inlaid with patines of bright gold.

There’s not the smallest orb, which thou behold’st,

But in his motion like an angel sings,

Still quiring to the young-ey’d cherubims;

Such harmony is in immortal souls;

But, whilst this muddy vesture of decay

Doth grossly close it in, we cannot hear it.

………………………………

明天,又一个明天
(选自《麦克白》)

明天,又一个明天,又一个明天,

一天天偷搬着这种琐碎的脚步,

直到时间记录的最末一个音节;

我们的昨天全部给傻子们照亮了

入土的道路。熄了吧,熄了吧,短蜡烛!

人生只是个走影,可怜的演员

在台上摇摆了,暴跳了一阵子以后

就没有下落了;这是篇荒唐的故事,

是白痴讲的,充满了喧嚣和吵闹,

没有一点意义。

(卞之琳 译)

To-morrow, and To-morrow, and To-morrow
(Excerpt from "Macbeth")

To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow,

Creeps in this petty pace from day to day,

To the last syllable of recorded time;

And all our yesterdays have lighted fools

The way to dusty death. Out, out, Brief candle!

Life’s but a walking shadow; a poor player,

That struts and frets his hour upon the stage,

And then is heard no more. It is a tale

Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,

Signifying nothing.


………………………………

仁      慈
(选自《威尼斯商人》)

仁慈的品性不受限阻——

它像柔和的甘雨

从天降在地上:是两方面的賜福。

给予者蒙福,受者也蒙福:

它是最权威中的最高威权

如坐宝座的君王胜于他的王冠;

他的权杖是暂时势力和力的展现,

象征尊贵和威严,

王的可畏可惧在那里彰显:

但仁慈超越这权杖的威势。

它统治在王者的心里;

它是神自己的品质;

地上的权柄表明与神的相似,

当仁慈缓和公义。

Mercy 

(Excerpt from Merchant of Venice)

The quality of mercy is not strained, —

It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven

Upon the place beneath. It is twice blest;

It blesseth him that gives, and that him takes.

'Tis mightiest in the mightiest. It becomes

The throned monarch better than his crown.

His sceptre shows the force of temporal power,

The attribute to awe and majesty

Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings.

But mercy is above this sceptred sway,

It is enthroned in the hearts of kings,

It is an attribute to God himself;

And eathly power doth then show likest God's

When mercy seasons justice.

  

………………………………

我离开你的时候正好是春天

(十四行诗第九十八首)

我离开你的时候正好是春天,

当绚烂的四月,披上新的锦袄,

把活泼的春心给万物灌注遍,

连沉重的土星也跟着笑和跳。

可是无论小鸟的歌唱,或万紫

千红、芬芳四溢的一簇簇鲜花,

都不能使我诉说夏天的故事,

或从烂熳的山洼把它们采掐:

我也不羡慕那百合花的洁白,

也不赞美玫瑰花的一片红晕;

它们不过是香,是悦目的雕刻,

你才是它们所要摹拟的真身。

因此,于我还是严冬,而你不在,

像逗着你影子,我逗它们开怀。

Sonnet 98

From you have I been absent in the spring,

When proud-pied April dress'd in all his trim

Hath put a spirit of youth in every thing,

That heavy Saturn laugh'd and leap'd with him.

Yet nor the lays of birds nor the sweet smell

Of different flowers in odour and in hue

Could make me any summer's story tell,

Or from their proud lap pluck them where they Grew;

Nor did I wonder at the lily's white,

Nor praise the deep vermilion in the rose;

They were but sweet, but figures of delight,

Drawn after you, you pattern of all those.

Yet seem'd it winter still, and, you away,

As with your shadow I with these did play.

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