【年度盘点】荆志成教授:2020年度之肺栓塞大事记
朱永建 荆志成
北京协和医院 心内科 & 疑难重症及罕见病国家重点实验室
急性肺栓塞(Pulmonary Embolism, PE)是继急性心肌梗死、脑卒中之后第三位常见致死性心血管疾病。近年来,肺栓塞的发病率和诊断率在全球范围内呈上升趋势,这主要得益于临床医师诊疗意识的提高以及影像学诊断手段的广泛应用等[1]。回顾即将过去的2020年,在突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情的严重影响背景下,肺栓塞领域仍涌现出一批倍受瞩目的重量级研究。
01
美国近10余年肺栓塞死亡率不降反升
02
新型冠状病毒肺炎与肺栓塞
目前指南推荐,所有无抗凝禁忌证的COVID-19住院患者,均应给予低分子量肝素预防静脉血栓栓塞症。对确诊肺栓塞的患者应规范抗凝治疗,药物包括低分子量肝素、新型口服抗凝药或华法林;重症患者首选胃肠外抗凝;抗凝时程至少三个月[6]。
03
中国肺栓塞先天性易栓症研究
先天性易栓症是指遗传因素导致的血液高凝状态,是静脉血栓栓塞症常见危险因素之一。既往先天性易栓症研究主要针对深静脉血栓形成患者,并没有区分肺栓塞和深静脉血栓形成在发病机制、临床表型及危害性等方面的重要差异。
04
抗凝药物研究进展
05
溶栓治疗现状
06
导管直接溶栓治疗进展
07
外科手术研究进展
结
语
随着胸痛中心在国内的建设推广,本来隐藏在胸痛“隐秘的角落”里的肺栓塞真相,将逐渐被挖掘出来。这个过程需要心脏科、急诊科、血液科、呼吸科以及血管外科和普通内科等所有专科医师高度重视,团结一致,加强开展临床和队列研究。提高我国的肺栓塞诊治水平,降低肺栓塞的发病率和致死率仍然任重而道远。
作者简介
朱永建,北京协和医院心血管内科学博士研究生
▼参考文献
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(来源:《国际循环》编辑部)