Mitsunobu反应
反应机理
反应应用
【J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2544】
Tsunoda等发现,对于位阻较大的醇,TMAD(N, N, N’, N’-tetramethyl- azodicarboxamide) 和三丁基膦的体系效果比较好。
【Tetrahedron. Letter 1995, 36, 2529】。
【J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 4583-4592】
在Mitsunobu 反应中,羟基也可以作为亲核试剂参与SN2取代,结果是生成醚。但通常只限于酚羟基和pKa<13的羟基,否则反应不能进行。
A solution of benzyl alcohol (0.200 g, 1.85 mmol), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (0.226 g, 1.85 mmol), and PPh3(0.582 g, 2.22 mmol) was stirred in dry THF (20 mL) at 0 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. To this mixture was added dropwise DIAD (0.44 mL, 2.22 mmol) over a period of 5 min, and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After complete disappearance of starting material (1 h), the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the resulting oil purified by flash column chromatography (hexane/AcOEt, 8/2). Phenyl ether (0.297 g, 76%) was finally obtained as a white powder after precipitation from CH2Cl2/petroleum ether.
【J. Org. Lett. 2004, 6, 397】
三、Mitsunobu氮取代反应
Hart和Campbell报导2-[(trimethylsilyl)ethyl]sulfonyl(TES)保护的Boc酰胺,在Mitsunobu 氨基取代后,可以去保护生成Boc 保护的胺或胺的盐酸盐。
【Synlett. 1997, 529】
【Tetrahedron 2003, 59, 8571–8587】
【J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 9465-9467】
To a cooled solution (-5oC)of DIAD (7.9 g, 93 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added the substituted alchol (7.06g, 18.7 mmol) and PPh3 (10.3 g, 39.1 mmol). After 15 min, diphenylphosphorazidate (DPPA, 12.86 g, 46.77mmol) was added and the reaction mixturewas allowed to warm to room temperature. After stirring overnight, the solventwas removed in vacuo to give a yellow oil. The crude material was purified byflash column chromatograghy (2:1,PE/Tol) to give the desired product (7.28 g,91%) as a colorless oil.
The de-protection andhydrogenation were routine operations.
【J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 4898.】
芳香类硫醇化合物都有足够的活性参与这种反应。
【J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12426-12427】
To a solution of 2-[(R)—N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)amino]-1-propanol(15 g, 85.6 mmol) in THF (200 mL) was added 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (14.3 g,85.6 mmol) and PPh3 (24.7 g, 94.2 mmol). After stirring for 0.25 h asolution of DEAD (14.8 mL, 94.2 mmol) in dry THF (100 mL) was added dropwiseover 0.5 h. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at 20oC and filtered. Thefiltrate was evaporated and stirred with EA (100 mL), and the product wascollected by filtration (20.66 g, 74%).
【J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 3463.】
在Mitsunobu 反应中,用卤原子取代羟基生成卤代物也有报导,但其应用还不多见。Falck 等报导了通过Mitsunobu 过程合成一系列的卤代烃,除了氟代的产率不高以外,氯代,溴代和碘代的产率都不错。
【Manna, S; Falck, J.R. Synth. Commun. 1985, 15, 663】
Joulle 等报导脯胺酸衍生物在经过Mitsunobu过程后得到手性翻转的碘代产物。反应首先是生成一个甲醚中间体,然后在三苯膦的作用下发生碘代,同时手性翻转。
To a flame-driedround-bottomed flask eguipped with a magnetic stir bar and an addition funnelunder N2 was added N-Boc-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline methyl ester(19.29 g, 0.079 mol), triphenylphosphine (24.78 g, 0.094 mol) and anhydrous THF(2755 mL). The solution was cooled to 0oC. Diethyl azodicarboxylate(DEAD, 14.9 mL, 0.094 mol) in anhydrous THF (15 mL) was added dropwise,followed by the addition of methyl iodide (5.88 mL, 0.094 mol). Upon additionof MeI, the solution turned from dark brown to bright yellow. The reactionmixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for 10 h. Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure and the crude oil was purified bycolumn chromatograghy, eluting with 5% EA/PE to afford the desired product as awhite solid (26.22 g, 93.8%).
【Tetrahedron: Asymm. 1998, 9, 47】
六、其他
关环
【Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2000, 11, 4407–4416】
碳碳键形成
【J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2301-2302】
相关文献
1. (a) Mitsunobu, O.; Yamada, M. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1967, 40, 2380-2382. (b)Mitsunobu, O. Synthesis 1981, 1-28. (Review).
2. Smith, A. B., III; Hale, K. J.; Rivero, R. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 5813-5816.
3. Kocieński, P. J.; Yeates, C.; Street, D. A.; Campbell, S. F. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1987, 2183-2187.
4. Hughes, D. L. Org. React. 1992, 42, 335-656. (Review).
5. Hughes, D. L. Org. Prep. Proc. Int. 1996, 28, 127-164. (Review).
6. Vaccaro, W. D.; Sher, R.; Davis, H. R., Jr. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1998, 8, 35–40.
7. Cevallos, A.; Rios, R.; Moyano, A.; Pericàs, M. A.; Riera, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2000, 11, 4407–4416.
8. Mukaiyama, T.; Shintou, T.; Fukumoto, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 10538–10539.
9. Sumi, S.; Matsumoto, K.; Tokuyama, H.; Fukuyama, T. Tetrahedron 2003, 59, 8571–8587.
10. Christen, D. P. Mitsunobu reaction. In Name Reactions for Homologations-Part II; Li, J. J., Ed.; Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2009, pp 671-748. (Review).
11. Ganesan, M.; Salunke, R. V.; Singh, N.; Ramesh, N. G. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2013, 11, 559-611.
参考资料
一、维基百科(光延反应词条)
二、Strategic Applications of Named Reactions in Organic Synthesis, László Kürti and Barbara Czakó, Mitsunobu reaction, page 294.
三、药明康德宝典/Mitsunobu反应,谢军编著。
四、Name Reactions (A Collection of Detailed Reaction Mechanisms), Jie Jack Li, Mitsunobu reaction,page 407-408.