新加坡DfMA和PMEP简介（2/10）
1. INTRODUCTION
1、简介
The construction industry has been moving towards the adoption of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA) where most of the work is done off-site in a controlled manufacturing environment, and are then transported and assembled on site. With more prefabrication, manpower and time needed to construct buildings are reduced, worksites are safer and more conducive, and there is less impact on the surrounding environment.
建筑业已经开始采用“为制造和装配而设计”(DfMA)，其中大部分工作是在受控的制造环境中完成的，然后在现场运输和组装。更多的预制，减少了建筑所需的人力和时间，工地更安全更有利，对周围环境的影响更小。
Prefabricated Mechanical Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) modules is one of the game-changing technologies that can significantly improve productivity. It adopts the DfMA concept where components in MEP services and equipment are integrated into a sub-assembly off-site, for easy installation on site.
预制机械、电气和管道(MEP)模块是一种改变游戏规则的技术，可以显著提高生产率。它采用了DfMA的概念，即MEP服务和设备中的组件集成到一个场外的子装配中，以便于在现场安装。
This guidebook helps developers, consultants, builders, subcontractors and MEP prefabricators have a better understanding on prefabricated MEP modules, its benefits and good industry practices on such systems.
这本指南帮助开发商、顾问、建筑商、分包商和MEP预制商更好地了解预制的MEP模块、其优点和良好的行业惯例。
Figure 1: DfMA continuum for MEP services
图1:MEP服务的DfMA连续体
1.1. Benefits of prefabricated MEP modules
预制机电模块的优点
Increases productivity significantly
显著提高生产力
·Construction is faster as the production of prefabricated MEP modules/systems in the factory is done concurrently with other activities on site
·施工速度更快，因为工厂的预制MEP模块/系统的生产与现场的其他活动同时进行
·Installation of prefabricated MEP modules/systems on site is easier and quicker, and leads to significant manpower and time savings of up to 60%, depending on the complexity of projects
·在现场安装预制的MEP模块/系统更容易、更快，根据项目的复杂程度，可节省高达60%的人力和时间
Improves workplace safety
改善工作场所安全
·Construction sites are safer and more conducive as most work is done off-site, and less time is spent working at height
·建筑工地更安全、更有益，因为大部分工作都在场外完成，在高空工作的时间更少
Reduces impact to the environment
减少对环境的影响
·Dust and noise pollution, as well as other dis-amenities to the surroundings are minimised as more activities are done off-site
·灰尘和噪音污染，以及其他对环境不利的设施被最小化，因为更多的活动是在场外进行的
·Less construction waste is generated as there is less rectification work
·由于整改工作较少，产生的建筑垃圾更少
Enhances quality control
提高质量控制
·Higher quality control is achieved as most work is done in a controlled factory environment
·由于大部分工作是在受控的工厂环境中完成的，因此实现了更高的质量控制
·Sequence of work can be planned more efficiently with better logistics co-ordination
·通过更好的物流协调，可以更有效地规划工作顺序
1.2. Types of prefabricated MEP modules/systems and their applications
预制MEP模块/系统的类型及其应用
MEP technologies at the higher end of the DfMA continuum such as advanced prefabricated systems and integrated sub-assembly systems can achieve higher productivity improvement. Examples of the types of prefabricated MEP modules/systems and their applications are illustrated below.
在DfMA连续体的高端MEP技术，如先进的预制系统和集成的子装配系统，可以实现更高的生产率改进。下面举例说明预制的MEP模块/系统及其应用。
PREFABRICATED COMPONENTS
预制构件
Examples:
1) Flexible water pipe 软管
2) Prefabricated pre-insulated aircon duct 预制件预绝缘空调管道
3) Plug and play cable 即插即用电缆
4) Flexible sprinkler dropper 柔性洒水喷头
SUB-ASSEMBLIES (INCLUDING MEP SERVICES ONLY)
子程序集(只包括MEP服务)
Examples:
1) Prefabricated horizontal or vertical ceiling modules with pipes, cable trays, trunking etc.
2) Prefabricated plant modules with pump, compressor etc.
例如:
1)预制件水平或垂直天花板模块，带有管道、电缆架、管道等。
2)预制件厂房模块，带有泵、压缩机等。
SUB-ASSEMBLIES (INTEGRATED WITH ARCHITECTURAL/STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS)
组件(与建筑/结构组件集成)
Photographs courtesy of Laing O’Rourke, United Kingdom (Picture 1 and 2) and Balfour Beatty PLC, United Kingdom (Picture 3)
照片由英国Laing O 'Rourke(图1和图2)和英国Balfour Beatty PLC(图3)提供
Examples:
1) Prefabricated MEP modules integrated with catwalk
2) Riser module with platform
3) Prefabricated horizontal module with ceiling board (and even lighting, exit signs etc., where practical)
例子:
1)与catwalk集成的预制MEP模块
2)隔水管模块带平台
3)预制板水平模块，带天花板(在可行的情况下，连照明、出口标志等)
FULLY INTEGRATED ASSEMBLIES
完全集成的组件
Examples: MEP systems integrated into Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction systems
例如:MEP系统集成到预制预制体建筑系统中
Did you know?
To recognise the consultants’ initiative to adopt prefabricated MEP modules with higher productivity gains, the Buildable Design Appraisal Framework (BDAS) was enhanced in May 2017. Additional points will be given for a minimum 65% coverage of prefabricated MEP modules/systems in a project.
为确认顾问公司采用预制MEP模块以提高生产力，我们于2017年5月加强了可建造设计评估架构。项目中至少65%的预制MEP模块/系统将获得额外加分。
Figure 2: Comparison of points allocated for prefabricated MEP modules/systems(for coverage of 80% and above) between Code of Practice on Buildability 2015 and 2017
图2:2015年和2017年《可建造性工作守则》中分配给预制MEP模块/系统(覆盖率达80%及以上)的分数比较