【会议邀请】博古睿讲座16 | 大数据对科学的底层思维之挑战
博古睿讲座16
Berggruen Seminars 16
讲座 | Lecture
大数据对科学的底层思维之挑战
Challenges Posed by Big Data on the Foundations of Scientific Thinking
对话背景 | Event Background
科学植根于人类对确定性的追求，目标是能够对世间万物可理解、可解释、可操控。这种对确定性的追求主要表现为通过研究去探寻事物发生发展的因果关系；其底层思维是建立在决定论的基础之上。大数据时代的到来给决定论带来了巨大的挑战。万物互联并彼此影响，形成了一个开放而无边界的“物联网”，因此，事物之间的本质关系是相关性而非因果性，因果性只不过是小数据时代的一种科学幻象。大数据带来的不再是经典科学时代那种完备而确定的真理，而是不完备的、可以反复“迭代”的知识。
Science is rooted in the human pursuit of certainty. Its practitioners seek to render worldly phenomena understandable, explicable, and manipulable. This pursuit of certainty manifests mainly as an inquiry into causal relationships underpinning the occurrence and development of phenomena. Scientific thinking is originally built upon the notion of determinism.
However, the advent of big data has created huge challenges for determinism. Interconnectivity and mutual influence have created an open and borderless Internet of Things. As such, the essential relationship between things is no longer causal, but correlative. Causality is merely a scientific illusion of the “small data era”. Big data’s rise will necessitate a shift toward “iteration” of knowledge rather than “a complete certainty of the truth”— an old-fashioned idea from the classical science era.
内容主题 | Key Discussion Topics
如何平衡科学的开放性与完备性之间的关系？
能否通过经验或者实验获得满足因果关系的必要充分条件？
如何区分或者界定小数据和大数据？
How can we seek a balance between openness and completeness in the realm of scientific inquiry?
Can methods of experience and experiment yield outcomes that reliably determine cause and effect?
How should we define “small data?” What distinguishes it from “big data?”
主讲嘉宾 | Speaker
吴家睿
中国科学院分子细胞科学卓越创新中心研究员
1994年在瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院获博士学位。1994-1997在美国纽约州立大学健康科学中心从事博士后研究。现任国科大杭州高等研究院生命与健康科学学院执行院长，中科院系统生物学重点实验室主任；浙江省系统健康科学重点实验室（培育）主任。《Journal of Molecular Cell Biology》主编；《BMC Systems Biology》副主编；《生命的化学》副主编，《医学与哲学》副主编。中国生物化学与分子生物学会分子系统生物学专业委员会主任委员；国家自然科学基金委员会化学科学部第八届专家咨询委员会委员。国家杰出青年基金获得者（1998），中科院百人计划入选者（1998）；上海市领军人才入选者（2009）。
吴家睿实验室主要采用系统生物学方法研究糖尿病和肿瘤等重大慢性病发生与发展的分子机制。目前已经在国际学术刊物发表了100多篇研究论文。
WU Jiarui
Researcher, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences
After receiving his Ph.D. from ETH Zürich in 1994, Dr. Wu Jiarui served as a postdoctoral researcher at the State University of New York Health Science Center until 1997. Currently, he is the executive dean of the School of Life and Health Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) Hangzhou; director of the UCAS Hangzhou Advanced Research Institute; director of the Zhejiang Province System Health Science Primary Laboratory; editor-in-chief of the Journal of Molecular Cell Biology; associate editor of BMC Systems Biology; associate editor of Chemistry of Life; and associate editor of Medicine & Philosophy. Dr. Wu chairs the professional committee at the Chinese Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. He is also a member of the Eighth Expert Advisory Committee in the chemical sciences division of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. In 1998, he received a grant from the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars and was selected for the Hundred Talents Program at CAS. In 2009, he was named as one of Shanghai’s leading talents.
Dr. Wu’s laboratory uses systems biology methods to study the molecular mechanisms behind the appearance and evolution of chronic diseases such as diabetes and tumors. He has published over 100 research papers in international academic journals.
主持嘉宾 | Moderator
白书农
北京大学生命科学学院教授
2020-2021博古睿学者
北京大学生命科学学院教授。自从1983年开始接受研究生训练以来对不同植物发育事件的实验研究，引导他对植物发育形成了不同于主流的观点。白书农认为当下需要复兴现代植物学奠基者的观点，即一棵植株不是一个类似于一个动物的个体，而是一个很多“个体”聚生的“聚合体”。他所提出的有关植物发育的“植物形态建成123”理论，将之前提出的“植物发育单位”、“有性生殖周期”、“植物发育程序”等新概念整合成为一个自洽的逻辑体系。为理解植物发育过程的内在动力，白书农还对探讨生命本质问题产生了浓厚的兴趣。他认为，“什么是’活’”才是理解生命的根本问题。与两位数学家合作，他提出了“活”的本质是“结构换能量循环”。
BAI Shunong
Professor, School of Life Sciences at Peking University
2020-2021 Berggruen Fellow
Bai Shunong is a professor at the School of Life Sciences, Peking University. Since his postgraduate training in 1983, Professor Bai’s experimental research on plant development has led him to form original perspectives on plant cultivation. He believes that it is necessary to revive the views held by founders of modern botany — such that plants are not individual organisms like animals; instead, they are an “aggregate” of many “individuals”. The “Plant Morphology 123” theory he proposed regarding plant development integrates recent novel concepts such as “plant development unit”, “sexual reproduction cycle”, and “plant development program” into a fixed system. While trying to understand the internal dynamics of plant development, Bai Shunong has also developed a keen interest in exploring the nature of life. He believes that the question: “what does 'living’ mean?” is fundamental to understanding life. In cooperation with two mathematicians, he proposed that the essence of 'living' is, in fact the 'structure for energy cycle'.
时间 | Time
2021.09.28 19:00-20:30 | 北京时间 Beijing Time
观众日程 | Agenda
19:00 – 19:05 开场简介｜Opening Remarks
19:05 – 19:50 主旨演讲｜Keynote Speech
19:50 – 20:30 观众问答｜Q & A
报名方式 | Registration
请扫码报名参加在单向空间·东风店的现场活动
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直播平台 | Streaming Platform
哔哩哔哩 Bilibili
http://live.bilibili.com/22575361
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语言 | Language
中文 Chinese
主办单位 | Language
北京大学博古睿研究中心 | 思想改变世界
聚焦东西方对话，对影响人类变革的深刻变化开展跨文化、跨学科研究。重点关注前沿技术和社会治理等相关主题，特别是人工智能、基因编辑对人类社会发展的影响，以及全球治理和全球化等议题。
Berggruen Research Center, Peking University | Ideas for a changing world
The Berggruen Research Center is a hub for East-West research and dialogue dedicated to the cross-cultural and interdisciplinary study of the transformations affecting humanity. Intellectual themes focus on frontier technologies and society—specifically in artificial intelligence, the microbiome and gene editing as well as issues involving global governance and globalization.
我们生活在一个充满伟大变革的时代。通过搭建全球对话平台、推动跨文化交流、促进学术与思想创新、打造新型治理政策，博古睿研究院致力于增进人类对这个变革时代的深度理解，培养和发展新的思想和理念，助力全球各机构、政策制定者以及公众应对影响人类的深刻变化。