LAC 2019 墨尔本大学优秀案例 | 沙坡尾聚落 / 四六文摘

Sha Powei Community House

Reconnecting the Bond

Li Liu

LAC 2018优秀学员

The University of Melbourne

沙坡尾曾经是厦门最繁华的渔港之一，这里聚集了许多从事不同渔业工作的渔民。在过去，渔民根据其分配的工作分为两种：一种即为普通的“渔民”，主要以捕鱼为生。而另一种类型的渔民被称为“山顶人”，主要生产捕鱼工具及其相关产品。他们从渔民那里购买海鲜，然后以钓鱼工具作为交换。

Sha Powei used to be one of the most prosperous fishing ports inXiamen, which gathers quite a lot of fishermen who worked in the differentfishery industries. In the past, fishermen were divided into two typesaccording to their assigned work: one type of fishermen was called"fishers" because they mainly went fishing for a living; the othertype of fishermen were called "Hilltoppers" because they mainlyspecialize in producing fishing tools and related products for a living. Theybought seafood from the other and sold fishing tools in return.

但是，随着城市经济的发展和其他产业的兴起，传统渔业正在逐渐萎缩。同时，沙坡尾社区渔民与山顶人之间的联系也越来越疏远，这直接影响到当地数百人的工作和生活。随着捕鱼活动的减少，以前稳定的产业链也被打破。当地人经历着艰苦而又单调的生活。

However, with the development of the economy in the city, thefishery industry is fading away because of other increasing industries. Localsin this area who used to be fishermen lost their jobs. At the same time, therelationship between the fishers and the Hilltoppers in Sha Powei community isbreaking down, which directly leads to hundreds of local's tough work andliving. With the fishery declining, the previous stability of the industrialchain is also broken. Locals live a hard and boring life.

该项目通过问卷调查，可以更好地了解当地人的身心需求，来确定如何使用建筑方法来实现渔民和山顶人的文化保护和关系链的重建。因此，拟决定在避风港建立沙坡尾社区。该社区主要研究非物质和濒临消失的文化，将通过建筑物的传统形式和新功能为当地人带来归属感，将在建立破碎的人际关系方面中发挥重要作用，从而保护渔业文化。

In this project, questionnaires were made to better understandthe physical and mental needs of the locals to determine how to usearchitectural methods to achieve the purpose of cultural preservation andrelational chain reconstruction of the fishers and the Hilltoppers. Therefore,we decided to build a community in the refuge port. The Sha Powei community isa study of dealing with intangible and disappearing cultures. It provideslocals with a sense of belonging through the building's traditional form andnew functions. We believe it will play an important role in reconnection thebroken interpersonal relationships, also protecting fishery culture.

Site Analysis/场地分析

沙坡尾的历史 History of Sha Powei

沙坡尾是厦门的起源。由于特殊的地形，它成为厦门码头著名的避风港，成千上万的渔船停靠在这里，躲避台风和暴风雨。由于渔民主要在台湾和漳州海域捕鱼，沙坡尾逐渐发展成为一定规模的渔村，并形成了独特的海洋文化。渔民作为一种职业应运而生，他们自己制作渔具，过着自给自足的生活。他们彼此依存，关系密不可分。

Sha Powei is the origin of Xiamen. Thanks to the special terrain, it became thefamous refuge area in Xiamen dock, where thousands of fishing boats docked hereto avoid typhoons and storms. Mainly, the fishers went fishing in Taiwan andZhangzhou sea area. So Sha Powei gradually developed into a certain size of thefishing village and formed a unique sea culture. Fishermen as a profession cameinto being there, and they made fishing tools by themselves. Most people live alife of self-sufficiency. They depended on each other and the relationship wasinseparable.

渔民靠捕鱼为生，并向Hilltoppers贩卖海鲜以赚钱。Hilltoppers制作渔具，并将其出售给渔民。

Fishers made a living by fishing and sold seafood to hilltoppersto make money. Hilltoppers made fishing gears and sold them to fishers.

厦门在2000年建造了一座沿海大桥-演武大桥，阻断了从港口到大海的唯一通道。因此，大型渔船从此无法进入沙坡尾港。只有少量的小型渔船可以自由进出港口，导致渔业逐渐萎缩。

In 2000, Xiamen built a coastal bridge - Yanwu Bridge, whichblocks the only way from the harbor to the sea. Therefore, large fishingvessels can not access Sha Powei Harbor. Only a small number of small fishingvessels are free to pass in and out of the harbor. The fishery industrygradually declined.

为了保护沙坡尾渔业文化并重新建立hilltopers与渔民之间的关系，我们拟计划重建社区，以保留原有的功能空间并提供一些新的功能空间，试图创造符合当地人的良好居住环境。

In order to protect the fishery culture of Sha Powei andreconnect the relationship between the hilltoppers and the fishers, we plan torebuild the community, aiming to retain the original functional space andprovide some new functional space to create a good living environment oflocals.

Siteplan/总平面图

用户参与和建筑空间

Engagement of users and Architectural Space

这个避风港是渔民和hilltopper共享的公共空间。该建筑物建在水上，可以使他们更加方便地生活在同一地方。同时，海上建筑物可以最大化地保留人与海之间的联系。

This refuge port is a common space shared by the fishers and thehilltoppers. The building was built above water, which can make the two typesof people live in the same place conveniently to achieve integration. At thesame time, the building on the sea can maximize the retention of human and seacommunication.

内饰与材料 Interior & Material

每个建筑单体均为2-3层。它们具有各自具有不同的功能。该建筑使用防腐木作为围护结构，可以抵抗腐蚀性强的海风和海水。

There are 2-3 layers in the interior of each building monomer. They have theirown different functions. The architecture uses preservative wood as envelopestructures, which can resist the highly corrosive sea breeze and sea water.