小学阶段超实用的自然拼读法基本规则汇总,快给孩子收藏!
01
字母与发音一一对应的辅音
字母与发音一一对应的辅音:
b —— ball
d —— dog
f —— fish
h —— hat
j —— jump
k —— kite
l —— leg
m —— man
n —— not
p —— pen
q —— quick
r —— run
s —— sun
t —— ten
v —— vest
w —— water
z —— zoo
02
有多个发音的辅音
c 字母:
c后面接a,o,u的时候,c的发音与字母k发音相同,叫做“hard c sound”:
cat, cap,call,coat,cup;
当字母c后面接e,i,或y的时候,通常c的发音与字母s发音相同,叫做“soft c sound” :
city, ice, rice, face, cell, cent, voice, pencil, juice;
有时在e或i前面,c会发/sh/音:
ocean, racial, social
g 字母:
g后面接a,o,u的时候,所发的音叫做“hard g sound”:
girl, gas, get, give, go。
当字母g后面接e,i,或y的时候,有时g的发音与字母j的发音相同,叫做“soft g sound”:
age, change, ginger, Egypt, gentle, giraffe, badge
特例:
forget, give, girl中的g发hard sound。
x 字母:
x在单词中间或结尾时发/ks/音:
box, next, mix, six, fox;
x在单词中间时有时发/gz/音:
exit, exam, exact;
x在单词起始位置时发/z/音:
xylophone, xerox
y 字母:
y在单词起始位置时发音为辅音:
yes, you, yard, year, yell;
y在单词或音节中间或结尾时被当做元音;
y在结尾,单词只有一个音节时y发长/i/音,y在结尾,单词有两个或以上音节时y发长/e/音,y在单词或音节中间时,发短/i/音。
小测试:
my, cry, fly, sky, baby, happy
puppy, hurrygym, nymph
03
辅音字母组合
带有 l 的字母组合:
bl:black, blame, bless, blue, blast
cl:clock, class, clap, clue, close
fl:flag, fly, flat, flash, flower
gl:glass, glad, glide, glue, globe
pl:plate, plane, place, plus, plan
sl:sled, sleep, slow, slide, slim
带有 r 的字母组合:
br:bridge, break, brave, brown, bread
cr:crab, crack, crop, crown, creek
dr:dress, drag, drink, drive, drop
fr:frog, fresh, free, from, front
gr:grape, grade, grass, grin, grunt
pr:press, pride, price, print, proof
tr:truck, track, true, train, tree
带有 s 的字母组合:
sc:scale, scar, score, scare, scuff
sk:skate, skip, skill, skull, skin
sm:smoke, smile, smog, smell, smear
sn:snake, snap, snore, snow, snug
sp:spoon, spin, spot, spell, sport
st:stop, stack, stay, step, still
sw:swim, swell, swing, sweet, swift
三字母组合:
shr:shrink, shred, shrill,shrimp, shrub
spl:splash, split, splice, splint, splurge
spr:spread, spring, spree, sprain, spray
squ:square, squad, squirrel, squat, squeak
str:string, strip, straw, stream, street
thr:throw, three, throne, thrift, thrill
在结尾的字母组合:
ck(只发一个/k/音):duck, pack, quick, luck, rock
ld:cold, gold, held, mild, bald
lk:milk, silk, elk, sulk, skulk
mp:lamp, damp, champ, hump, dump
nch:inch, ranch, lunch, bench, crunch
nd:hand, kind, bend, stand, mind
ng(这个音比较特别,是舌头抵住上颚后方所发出的鼻音):--ring, long, sing, wing, lung
nk:sink, bank, trunk, pink, ink
nt:tent, ant, hunt, sent, mint
sh:fish, rash, brush, wish, trash
st:vest, last, test, list, lost
04
复合字母构成的单音
ch(tch),sh,wh和th。
chair, check, shoe, shop。
when, what, whale, who, whole。
they, them-, their, theirs, the, this, that, these, those, then-, than, though, thus, there-
05
不发音的辅音字母
下面列出了这些组合:
字母组合--不发音字母:
gh--h:ghost, ghetto, ghastly
gn--g:gnat, gnarl, gnaw, gnome, sign
kn--k:knife, knit, know, knock, knee
mb--b:comb, lamb, thumb, dumb, climb
pn--p:pneumonia
ps--p:psalm, psychic, psychology
rh--h:rhinoceros, rhyme, rhythm
sc--c:scissors, scent, scene, scenery, scenario
wr--w:wrong, wrist, wrap, wretch, wrench
gh--gh:light, high, eight, sigh, night
06
元音概述
1、该元音是元音字母组合的一部分
2、该元音后面有字母r
3、该元音在一个单词或重读音节的结尾
4、单词以字母e结尾
5、该元音是元音规则的特例
07
短元音
Aa:ant, and, cat, fast, map
Ee:egg, net, let, bed, tent
Ii:inch, bit, stick, pin, pig
Oo:ox, hot, top, not, got
Uu:up, bus, sum, cup, mud
Yy(在单词中部,发短i音):pyramid, lynx, typical, bicycle, symbol
08
长元音
下面的例词都是属于这类的:
game, safe, make, gate, whale
complete, athlete, nine, side, mile
bike, kite, nice, note, rose, globe, those
bone, cube, rule, June, mute, dune
例如:
paper, be, she, legal, fiber, piano, open, future, human等等。
例如:
cry, try, by, my。
例如:
puppy, baby, candy, city, sorry等。
例如:
ai, ay 发长A音,如sail, fail, day, say等。
ea,ee, 发长E音,如 meal, tea, need, feed等。
ie发长I音,如 tie, lie, pie等。
oa,oe 发长O音,如 load, coat, toe等。
ue,ui 发长U音,如glue, suit, blue, fruit等。
有些复合元音字母也不遵循上述长音规律,见下表:
字母组合 所发音 例词:
ea 短e:head, bread, heavy, dead, ready
ei 长a:eight, veil, neigh, weight, freight
oo 长u:(类似汉语拼音的u) moon, zoo, school, pool, tool
oo 短u:(类似汉语拼音的u) book, look, wood, foot, cookie
eu 长u:euro, feud, eulogy, pneumonia
ew 长u:new, few, stew
ie 长e:yield, chief, relief, believe
ey 长e:monkey, money, honey, hockey, volley
09
双元音
coin, voice, toy, boy等。
house, found, owl, now等。
组合所发音 例词:
ar字母r的名字 car, marble, far, large, party
or /or/ fork, or, for, core, more, pork
/er/ worm, word, world, doctor, neighbor
er, ir, ur /er/ nurse, girl, ever, sir, purple
10
特殊元音
字母或组合所发音 例词:
后面接另外一个元音时,发/sh/音:
aw:paw,law, raw, saw,dawn
all:ball,call, fall, mall, tall
au:haul, taught, caught, sauce
ou:cough, bought, brought, thought
o(后面接ng的时候)(broadsound):比短o音嘴型要小,发音时间长 song, long, strong, wrong
a, e, i, o, u 非重读音(schwa sound),当一个元音在非重读音节里时,有时会发此类音,非常类似汉语拼音里的e,但发音很轻:
about, elephant, banana, machine, confuse
ce, ci, si, ti 在同一个音节里这些字母组合后面接另外一个元音时,发/sh/音:
ocean, special, mission, nation, delicious, magician
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