英文论文写作时如何在各个章节正确地运用时态?
为什么要有时态的区别,真麻烦!
时态很容易混乱?因为英文的习惯和语法与中文不一样,造成了我们在写作时在时态方面处于一个迷茫的状态。比如中文是用添加词语的方式表示时态,如“以前”、“将来”、“已经”等等。但英文中的表达不一样,是用各种形式的动词来表示时态,比如一个英文动词会包含现在分词、过去式以及过去分词等状态...
时态 | 含义 | 例句 |
现在时 | 现在的、经常发生的、一般客观事实的情况 | This study aims to address the mechanism of machine learning. |
过去时 | 过去发生的、过去经常发生的情况 | An experimental study was undertaken for machine learning. |
现在完成时 | 已经完成、刚刚完成、已经完成的情况 | The proposed topic has been analyzed by many researchers. |
将来时 | 即将、未来要发生的情况 | The experimental results regarding machine learning will be introduced in the following several sections. |
2.摘要部分的时态
摘要部分是一篇论文的开头部分,也分为很多应用场景,基本上包含整篇论文的各个部分。下面的表格主要介绍了摘要部分各个应用场景下主要的时态以及相应的例句。
应用场景 | 时态 | 例句 |
文献评述 | 现在时 | Many studies are found in the literature regarding machine learning. |
研究空白 | 现在完成时/ 现在时 |
Although attempts have been made in machine learning, the related experimental study is still lacking. |
研究目的 |
现在时/ 过去时 |
The research objective of the present study is to address the mechanism of machine learning. |
研究方法 | 过去时 | A series of experimental tests were completed through this study. |
列举结论 |
过去时/ 现在时 |
The experimental results showed that machine learning could improve the production rate by 23%. |
讨论应用 | 现在时 | The developed mechanism provides a valuable guide for future applications. |
3.前言部分的时态
前言部分主要包含文献调研,包含一般陈述、信息引用以及作者引用三种应用场景。这三种应用场景所选择的时态以及例句如下表所示。
应用场景 | 时态 | 例句 |
一般陈述 |
现在时/ 现在完成时 |
Machine learning has become a hot topic in current AI research. |
信息引用 | 现在时 | Machine learning is a way to achieve automatic learning and predictions in our practical applications. |
作者引用 |
过去时/ 现在完成时 |
James et al. (2020) developed(or have developed) a new mechanism to achieve machine learning in the building sector. |
应用场景 | 时态 | 例句 |
展示结果 | 现在时 | Table 3 shows a list of the existing mechanism for machine learning. |
展示数据 |
现在时/ 过去时 |
The second series of experimental tests indicated (or indicate) a 43% higher production efficiency than the control group. |
分析评论 | 现在时 | The experimental results suggest that the new mechanism is better than those previous ones. |
5. 结论部分的时态
应用场景 | 时态 | 例句 |
重述目的 |
过去时/ 现在完成时 |
A series of experimental tests were undertaken in this study, together with the development of a new mechanism. |
回顾结论 |
现在时/ 过去式 |
It was known that machine learning could seriously improve production efficiency. |
解释原因 | 现在时 | A possible explanation for this phenomenon is the improved calculation processes. |
阐明意义 | 现在时 | The research outcomes provide a useful tool for practical implementation. |
陈述局限 |
现在时/ 过去时 |
The experimental tests of this study were restricted to the building sector. |
未来建议 | 现在时 | Future work is needed to expand its application in other sectors, such as manufacturing and marketing. |
时态其实很简单,让我们got到方法后,写作时再也不担心语法了。
以上我们分析了英文论文中各个主要部分中各个场景下时态的选择以及提供了相应的例句来帮助更好的理解。那么,我们在最后来总结一下时态写作的checklist:
✔ 尽管英文的时态高达16种,但我们在英文论文写作中不需要用到那么多种时态。英文论文中常见的时态主要包含4种,即现在时、过去时、现在完成时以及将来时;
✔英文论文中摘要、前言、分析与讨论以及结论部分都包含很多场景,这些部分又可以细分为不同的应用场景,从而需要选择不同的时态;
✔ 上述部分中所建议的时态为一般情况下的选择,但具体的时态需要根据场景、句子的形式以及句子的目的来综合选择。
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转自:e论文
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