【专项练习】语法填空考点分布、解题技巧
一、有提示词类：设置7个小题高频考点谓语动词1～2题：考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。非谓语动词1～3题：考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。派生词1～3题：考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。名词0～1题：主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。形容词和副词类0～1题：主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。低频考点代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。二、无提示词类：设置3个小题高频考点介词0～1题：重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词。冠词0～1题：重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。从属关联词0～2题：侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句的引导词也偶有涉及。低频考点并列连词0～1题：并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。其他0～1题：包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do，does，did；构成部分倒装的do，does，did；构成一般疑问句的do，does，did)，构成强调结构的it或that，连接性副词(before，ago，however，anyway...)等。一 如何应对提示词为动词题【思维流程】
[示例1](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65. (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a 66.belief that populations are increasing.分析：分析句子结构可知，缺少谓语，故应填谓语动词。由时间状语“In recent years”可知，句子用现在完成时；再由主语“some Inuit people”可知，谓语动词应用复数形式，故谓语动词用have reported。[示例2](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call 68. (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 69.a joke.分析：分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词got，空处应填非谓语动词。再由句意可知，say与前面的a call之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语saying...作后置定语，修饰a call。二 如何应对提示词为其他词题【思维流程】
[示例1](2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66.that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67. (cause).分析：cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，且前面有all修饰，故填cause的复数形式causes。[示例2](2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many 67. (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 68.hugely(huge) popular with tourists.分析：所填词修饰名词stories，故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional。[示例3](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62. (poor) studied.分析：此处修饰动词studied，故应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。[示例4](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by 67.noting(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements，leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68. (high) than they actually are.分析：根据空格后的than可知，此处应用high的比较级形式higher。[示例5](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68. (they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69.meant(mean) me no real harm.分析：分析句子结构可知，此处作find的宾语，alive为宾语补足语，故此处要用人称代词的宾格。故填them。[示例6](2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit，I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68. (it) mother.分析：根据空格后的名词mother及前文中的a lively three-month-old twin可知此处作定语，要用形容词性物主代词its。三 如何应对纯空格题【思维流程】
[示例1](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods 63. tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.分析：a method of/for doing sth做某事的方法。[示例2](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was searching 67. these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.分析：search for意为“寻找”，为固定搭配，故填介词for。[示例3](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of 69. nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining，six 70.are(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.分析：此处特指确认的19个北极熊亚种群，故用定冠词the。[示例4](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call 68.saying(say) she was short-listed，we thought it was 69. joke.分析：joke“笑话，玩笑”，是可数名词。空格后用了单数joke，故其前用a。[示例5](2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25，000 people were using 67. every day.分析：指代前句中的the railway，故填it。[示例6](2016·全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia，especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea，61. Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.分析：这里列举了亚洲的一些国家，它们为并列关系，应用and。[示例7](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，62. she opened with her late husband Les.分析：分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which。[示例8](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence 61. they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.分析：分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。今天小玖老师倾情推荐