教你如何在linux中写脚本提高工作效率
引入：在工作中，为了在开机前预置一些资源在手机系统中，可能有人会用很多方法去实现这个功能？不过，今天告诉大家一个用shell脚本去拷贝的方法，大家先看看以下代码，看是否能看懂 。
#!/bin/bash
PRELOAD_DEST_PICTURES=/data/media/0/Pictures
PRELOAD_FLAG_PICTURES=${PRELOAD_DEST_PICTURES}/.copyfiles
PRELOAD_SOURCE_PICTURES=/vendor/sprd/sprd_media/Pictures
if [ ! -f ${PRELOAD_FLAG_PICTURES} ]
then
echo " ${PRELOAD_SOURCE_PICTURES}/"
cp -f ${PRELOAD_SOURCE_PICTURES}/Pic1.jpg ${PRELOAD_DEST_PICTURES}
cp -f ${PRELOAD_SOURCE_PICTURES}/Pic2.jpg ${PRELOAD_DEST_PICTURES}
cp -f ${PRELOAD_SOURCE_PICTURES}/Pic3.jpg ${PRELOAD_DEST_PICTURES}
echo "finished" > ${PRELOAD_FLAG_PICTURES}
echo " 执行结束 "
fi
以上代码功能很简单，就是把/vendor/sprd/sprd_media/Pictures目录下的几张图片拷贝到/data/media/0/Pictures目录下，然后用一个 .copyfiles 文件是否已经存在去判断是否需要进行拷贝操作，拷贝命令是用Linux命令 。
接下来，我们简单介绍一下上面几行代码的脚本语法规则 ：
shell程序的第一行一般都是： #!/bin/sh
/bin/sh指定shell程序被/bin目录下的sh可执行程序执行。
PRELOAD_DEST_PICTURES=/data/media/0/Pictures ，这是Shell变量赋值语句，Shell是弱类型语言,没有类型这个概念。变量定义时可以初始化，使用=进行初始化赋值。注意：shell对语法非常严格，= 两边不能有空格。变量名的命名须遵循如下规则：首个字符必须为字母（a-z，A-Z）；中间不能有空格，可以使用下划线；不能使用标点符号；不能使用关键字。
以上代码还有个知识点就是流程控制：
if [....]
then….
fi
“if” 表达式 如果条件为真则执行then后面的部分 。
通常用” [ ] “来表示条件测试。
注意：这里的空格很重要。shell对语法非常严格，要确保方括号左右两边的空格不能少。
[ -f “somefile” ] ：判断是否是一个文件
[ -x “/bin/ls” ] ：判断/bin/ls是否存在并有可执行权限
[ -n “$var” ] ：判断$var变量是否有值
[ “$a” = “$b” ] ：判断$a和$b是否相等
上面的代码，就解释到这边 。看看自己对于这个脚本有没有产生兴趣继续学习，如果有，请继续往下看一个比较复杂的案例 。遇到不懂的自己百度学习，学习这个，应该难不倒聪明的你！
最近在安装阿里云服务器的时候，也看到代码中也有一个卸载阿里云linux一键安装web环境的uninstall.sh脚本。如果你有兴趣继续研究的，不妨把这里面的代码研究看看，我已经把全部的代码写出来了，有兴趣的阅读！
#!/bin/bash
if [ "$1" != "in" ];then
echo "Before cleaning the installation script environment !"
echo "Please backup your data !!"
read -p "Enter the y or Y to continue:" isY
if [ "${isY}" != "y" ] && [ "${isY}" != "Y" ];then
exit 1
fi
fi
mkdir -p /alidata
if which mkfs.ext4 > /dev/null ;then
if ls /dev/xvdb1 &> /dev/null;then
if cat /etc/fstab|grep /alidata > /dev/null ;then
if cat /etc/fstab|grep /alidata|grep ext3 > /dev/null ;then
sed -i "/\/alidata/d" /etc/fstab
fi
else
echo '/dev/xvdb1 /alidata ext4 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
fi
mount -a
fi
else
if ls /dev/xvdb1 &> /dev/null;then
if cat /etc/fstab|grep /alidata > /dev/null ;then
echo ""
else
echo '/dev/xvdb1 /alidata ext3 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
fi
mount -a
fi
fi
/etc/init.d/mysqld stop &> /dev/null
/etc/init.d/nginx stop &> /dev/null
/etc/init.d/php-fpm stop &> /dev/null
/etc/init.d/vsftpd stop &> /dev/null
/etc/init.d/httpd stop &> /dev/null
/etc/init.d/tomcat7 stop &> /dev/null
killall mysqld &> /dev/null
killall nginx &> /dev/null
killall httpd &> /dev/null
killall apache2 &> /dev/null
killall vsftpd &> /dev/null
killall php-fpm &> /dev/null
killall java &> /dev/null
echo "--------> Clean up the installation environment"
rm -rf /usr/local/freetype.2.1.10
rm -rf /usr/local/libpng.1.2.50
rm -rf /usr/local/freetype.2.1.10
rm -rf /usr/local/libpng.1.2.50
rm -rf /usr/local/jpeg.6
echo ""
echo "--------> Delete directory"
echo "/alidata/server/mysql delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/mysql
echo "rm -rf /alidata/server/mysql-* delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/mysql-*
echo "/alidata/server/tomcat7 delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/tomcat7
echo "rm -rf /alidata/server/tomcat-* delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/tomcat-*
echo "/alidata/server/java delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/java
echo "rm -rf /alidata/server/java-* delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/java-*
echo "/alidata/server/php delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/php
echo "/alidata/server/php-* delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/php-*
echo "/alidata/server/nginx delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/nginx
echo "rm -rf /alidata/server/nginx-* delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/nginx-*
echo "/alidata/server/httpd delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/httpd
echo "/alidata/server/httpd-* delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/server/httpd-*
echo ""
echo "/alidata/log/php delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/log/php
echo "/alidata/log/mysql delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/log/mysql
echo "/alidata/log/nginx delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/log/nginx
echo "/alidata/log/httpd delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/log/httpd
echo ""
echo "/alidata/www/phpwind delete ok!"
rm -rf /alidata/www/phpwind
echo ""
echo "--------> Delete file"
echo "/etc/my.cnf delete ok!"
rm -f /etc/my.cnf
echo "/etc/init.d/mysqld delete ok!"
rm -f /etc/init.d/mysqld
echo "/etc/init.d/nginx delete ok!"
rm -f /etc/init.d/nginx
echo "/etc/init.d/php-fpm delete ok!"
rm -r /etc/init.d/php-fpm
echo "/etc/init.d/httpd delete ok!"
rm -f /etc/init.d/httpd
echo "/etc/init.d/tomcat7 delete ok!"
rm -f /etc/init.d/tomcat7
echo ""
ifrpm=$(cat /proc/version | grep -E "redhat|centos")
ifdpkg=$(cat /proc/version | grep -Ei "ubuntu|debian")
ifcentos=$(cat /proc/version | grep centos)
echo "--------> Clean up files"
echo "/etc/rc.local clean ok!"
if [ "$ifrpm" != "" ];then
if [ -L /etc/rc.local ];then
echo ""
else
\cp /etc/rc.local /etc/rc.local.bak
rm -rf /etc/rc.local
ln -s /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.local
fi
sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/mysqld.*/d" /etc/rc.d/rc.local
sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/nginx.*/d" /etc/rc.d/rc.local
sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/php-fpm.*/d" /etc/rc.d/rc.local
sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/vsftpd.*/d" /etc/rc.d/rc.local
sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/httpd.*/d" /etc/rc.d/rc.local
sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/tomcat7.*/d" /etc/rc.d/rc.local
sed -i "/JAVA_HOME=\/alidata\/server\/java/d" /etc/rc.d/rc.local
else
sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/mysqld.*/d" /etc/rc.local
sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/nginx.*/d" /etc/rc.local
sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/php-fpm.*/d" /etc/rc.local
sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/vsftpd.*/d" /etc/rc.local
sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/httpd.*/d" /etc/rc.local
sed -i "/\/etc\/init\.d\/tomcat7.*/d" /etc/rc.local
sed -i "/JAVA_HOME=\/alidata\/server\/java/d" /etc/rc.local
fi
echo ""
echo "/etc/profile clean ok!"
sed -i "/export PATH=\$PATH\:\/alidata\/server\/mysql\/bin.*/d" /etc/profile
sed -i "/export CLASSPATH=\.\:\$JAVA_HOME\/lib\/dt\.\jar.*/d" /etc/profile
sed -i "/JAVA_HOME=\/alidata\/server\/java/d" /etc/profile
sed -i "/JRE_HOME=\/alidata\/server\/java\/jre/d" /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
echo ""
if [ "$ifrpm" != "" ];then
yum -y remove vsftpd &> /dev/null
cp -f ./ftp/config-ftp/rpm_ftp/* /etc/vsftpd/
rm -f /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
rm -f /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
rm -f /etc/vsftpd/user_list
rm -f /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
else
apt-get -y remove vsftpd
rm -f /etc/vsftpd.conf
rm -f /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
rm -f /etc/vsftpd.user_list
rm -rf /etc/pam.d/vsftpd
fi
echo "vsftpd remove ok!"