英语中状语从句省略规则习题(一)
并不是所有的状语从句都能省略,也不是指定类型的状语从句都能省略。状语从句省略的最大原则是从句的主语与主句的主语一样,其他细节要遵循具体的连词规则。
一、请选择正确的选项来完成下面的句子
1. While ___ work, I saw an old friend of mine.
a. I walking home from b. walking home from
c. walked home from d. walking home work
2. Before ___, I brushed my teeth.
a. left my house b. I leaving my house
c. leaving my house d. my house leaving
3. I feel asleep ___ TV.
a. while I watch b. while watching
c. while watched d. during I was watching
4. While ___ about adverb clauses, a mild earthquake shook the classroom.
a. the teacher lecturing b. the teacher was lecturing
c. lecturing d. lectured
5. ___, a dog chased us down the street.
a. While running b. While we were running
c. We were running while d. While running we were
6. Since ___ to San Bernardino, Yih-Ping has made many friends.
a. coming b. come
c. she coming d. she comes to
7. Peter went back to school ___ the phone.
a. after John calling him on b. John had called him on
c. after John had called him on d. after John had called him
8. ___ yesterday, we saw many deer.
a. While we hiking through the woods b. Hiking through the woods
c. During hiking through the woods d. Hiking through the woods we
9. ___ the necessary qualifications, she was not hired for a job.
a. Lacked b. When lacking
c. Lacking d. Because lacking
10.___ the age of 21, he was able to gamble in Las Vegas.
a. When reached b. Reached
c. As reaching d. Upon reaching
二、答案、参考翻译及解析
1. b
下班回家的路上,我看到了我的一个老朋友。
解析:若状语从句要省略,则首当其冲的是主语,所以 a 错了;省略后的从句中若有动词,则只有一种形式,那就是动词的 -ing 形式,所以 c 错了;d 本来就错了,所以选 b(walking home from)。
2. c
出门前,我刷牙。
解析:若状语从句要省略,则首当其冲的是主语,因此凡省略后的选项中出现主语的都为错误的选项,因此 b 和 d 都错了;省略后的状语从句中若有动词,则只有一种形式,那就是动词的 -ing 形式,所以 a 错了,因此选 c(leaving my house)。
3. b
我看电视的时候睡着了。
解析:同题2,选项 c 错了;while 引导的时间状语从句,从句的时态只用进行时,表示主从句动作同时进行,所以 a 错了;during 是介词,后面不能跟独立句,所以 d 错了,因此选 b(while watching).
4. b
当老师讲授副词从句时,一场轻微的地震震动了教室。
解析:主句的主语是 a mild earthquake,它跟从句的主语 the teacher 不一致,因此该状语从句不能省略,因此选 b(the teacher was lecturing)。
5. b
我们跑步时,一条狗在街上追我们。
解析:选项 c 和 d 本身有错误;不能选 a,因为若选 a,那么省略的主语就变成了 a dog,它跟主句的 a dog chased us 矛盾,因此选 b(While we were running)。
6. a
自从来到圣贝纳迪诺,叶平交了很多朋友。
解析:若省略,b 和 c 语法都不对;从 has made 可以看出,since 后面的动作是发生在过去,因此选项 d 不对,因此选 a(coming)。
7. c
约翰给彼得打电话后,他回到学校。
解析:选项 b 错误,因为两个句子没有连接词;若省略,选项 a 的省略规则错误;若选 d,则变成 John had called him the phone,此时是双宾语结构,变成 John 把 Peter 称为电话,很明显不符合常理,因此选 c(after John had called him on)。
8. b
昨天在树林里徒步旅行,我们看到许多鹿。
解析:选项 d 错了,因为既不像省略,也不像不省略;若是省略,选项 a 也错了,因为省略时,要省略主语;选项 c 若是省略后的从句,则不对,因为 during 是不能作连词;若是介词短语也不对,因为介词短语不能单独在句中作状语,所以选 b(Hiking through the woods)。
9. c
由于缺乏必要的资格,她没有被录用。
解析:从句意判断,此句是原因状语从句,因此选项 b 不符;原因状语从句要省略连词,因此选项 d 是错误的;若选 a,则意思不符合,所以选 c(Lacking)。
10. d
由于无法跑完全程42公里,她决定退出比赛,酷热造成的疲劳几乎使她中暑。
解析:As 引导的时间状语从句省略时要去掉 as,因此不选 c;跟 as soon as 类似,when 引导的时间状语从句表示动作的先后发生时,as soon as 和 when 变成 upon/on,然后动词变成 -ing 形式,因此不选 a;在时间状语从句的省略中,动词形式只有 -ing 一种,因此 b 也错了,所以选 d(Upon reaching)。