骨科英文书籍精读(350)|高能量胫腓骨骨折的处理(1)

我们正在精读国外经典骨科书籍《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》,想要对于骨科英文形成系统认识,为以后无障碍阅读英文文献打下基础,请持续关注。


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HIGH-ENERGY FRACTURES

Initially, the most important consideration is the viability of the damaged soft tissues and underlying bone. Tissues around the fracture should be disturbed as little as possible and open operations should be avoided unless there is already an open wound.

Transverse fractures are usually stable after reduction; they can be treated 'closed’, provided a careful watch is kept for symptoms and signs of complications (excessive pain, swelling, tightness or sensory change).

Comminuted and segmental fractures, those associated with bone loss, and indeed any high-energy fracture that is inherently unstable, require early surgical stabilization. For closed fractures, external fixation and closed nailing are equally suitable; in both cases the tissues around the fracture are left undisturbed (Fig. 30.29). For open fractures, the use of internal fixation has to be accompanied by judicious and expert debridement and prompt cover of the exposed bone and implant; alternatively, external fixation can be safer if these pre-requisites cannot be met.

In cases of bone loss, small defects can be treated by delayed bone grafting; larger defects will need either bone transport or compression-distraction (acute shortening to close the defect, with subsequent lengthening at a different level) with an external fixator (Chapter 12).

---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》


重点词汇整理:

provided/prəˈvaɪdɪd/conj. 假如,倘若v. 提供,给予(provide 的过去式和过去分词)

inherently unstable,内在的不稳定; 本来就不稳定

inherently /ɪnˈherəntli,ɪnˈhɪrəntli/adv. 内在地;固有地;天性地

judicious /dʒuˈdɪʃəs/adj. 明智的;头脑精明的;判断正确的

debridement /di'bri:dmənt/n. [外科] 清创术;扩创术;创伤切开法

pre-requisite /ˈpriː ˈrekwɪzɪt/adj. 必须的;首要的n. 必要事;首要事

compression-distraction压缩牵张技术(骨搬运技术)


有道翻译(仅供参考,建议自己翻译):

高能骨折

最初,最重要的考虑是受损软组织和底层骨的生存能力。骨折周围的组织应尽可能少地受到干扰,除非已经有开放性伤口,否则应避免开放性手术。

横向骨折复位后通常是稳定的;如果仔细观察并发症的症状和体征(过度疼痛、肿胀、紧绷或感觉改变),可以“闭合”治疗。

粉碎性和节段性骨折,那些与骨丢失有关的骨折,以及任何本质上不稳定的高能量骨折,都需要早期手术稳定。对于闭合性骨折,外固定和闭合髓内钉同样适用;在这两种情况下,骨折周围的组织都不受干扰(图30.29)。对于开放性骨折,内固定的使用必须伴随着明智和专业的清创,并及时覆盖暴露的骨和植入物;或者,如果不能满足这些先决条件,外固定可能更安全。

在骨丢失的情况下,小的缺损可以通过延迟的骨移植来治疗;较大的缺损需要骨运输或压缩-牵张(急性缩短以闭合缺损,随后进行修复)使用外固定器(第12章)在不同的水平上进行延长。


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