三期乳腺癌廿年乳腺癌相关死亡风险
对于I~III期乳腺癌患者,5年生存率较高,而10年随访数据较少,20年随访数据更少。
2021年2月16日,施普林格自然旗下《乳腺癌研究与治疗》在线发表美国哈佛大学达纳法伯癌症研究所、阿根廷南方肿瘤学协作组的研究报告,调查了III期乳腺癌生存5年患者的20年乳腺癌相关死亡风险及其影响因素。
该研究数据来自美国国家癌症研究所监测流行病学最终结果(SEER)数据库,这是全球最大、随访时间最长的癌症患者数据库,从1973年1月1日开始,由全国18个癌症登记中心收集数据,覆盖28%的美国人口。该研究对1990~2005年被诊断为III期乳腺癌的女性进行分析,剔除激素受体状态未知的女性、未切除原发肿瘤或腋窝淋巴结的女性、死亡原因未知的女性。采用累积发生率函数推算乳腺癌相关死亡风险,并采用竞争风险回归模型确定了与远期死亡相关风险因素。
结果,最终样本包括3.65万例患者,中位随访14年。
对于各分期亚组,激素受体阴性乳腺癌与激素受体阳性乳腺癌相比,20年乳腺癌相关死亡比例显著较高:
IIIA期:49.8%比43.2%(P<0.0001)
IIIB期:60.9%比47.6%(P<0.0001)
IIIC期:68.7%比63.1%(P<0.0001)
20年时,乳腺癌与非乳腺癌相关死亡比例相比:
IIIC期激素受体阳性乳腺癌:高4倍(63.1%比16.1%)
IIIC期激素受体阴性乳腺癌:高7倍(68.7%比9.3%)
III期乳腺癌生存5年患者的20年乳腺癌相关死亡风险影响因素包括:
激素受体阳性乳腺癌:肿瘤大小、淋巴结状态、种族、肿瘤分级
激素受体阴性乳腺癌:肿瘤大小、淋巴结状态、年龄
因此,该研究结果表明,对于III期乳腺癌,激素受体阴性与阳性相比,20年乳腺癌相关死亡风险显著较高,甚至对于生存5年患者。晚期乳腺癌相关死亡风险取决于传统的临床病理因素。不过,该研究的局限性在于2005年之前HER2尚未成为常规检测指标,曲妥珠单抗亦未成为乳腺癌术后抗HER2治疗标准,HER2相关影响因素20年随访可能至少要等到2025年。此外,乳腺癌相关死亡判断标准也比较主观,例如乳腺癌治疗相关心脏毒性所致间接死亡、乳腺癌肝肺脑转移所致间接死亡、乳腺癌复发所致自杀等特殊情况,可能被某些数据收集者列入乳腺癌相关死亡,也可能不被其他数据收集者列入乳腺癌相关死亡。
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2021 Feb 16. Online ahead of print.
Twenty-year risks of breast cancer-specific mortality for stage III breast cancer in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results registry.
Leone JP, Leone BA, Tayob N, Hassett MJ, Leone J, Freedman RA, Tolaney SM, Winer EP, Vallejo CT, Lin NU.
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Grupo Oncológico Cooperativo del Sur, Neuquén, Argentina.
PURPOSE: We aimed to report the 20-year risk of breast cancer-specific mortality (BCSM), report the risk of BCSM conditional on having survived 5 years, and identify factors associated with late deaths in stage III breast cancer.
METHODS: Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data, we included women with stage III breast cancer diagnosed from 1990 to 2005. We excluded women with unknown hormone receptor (HR) status, women who did not undergo resection of the primary tumor or axillary nodes, or unknown cause of death. We estimated risks of BCSM using cumulative incidence function and used Fine and Gray regression to identify factors associated with late deaths.
RESULTS: Final sample was 36,500 patients with 14 years of median follow-up. For each stage subgroup, the risk of BCSM at 20 years was significantly higher for HR-negative vs HR-positive tumors (IIIA: 49.8% vs 43.2%, P<0.0001; IIIB: 60.9% vs 47.6%, P<0.0001; IIIC: 68.7% vs 63.1%, P<0.0001). Compared with the risks of non-BCSM, the risks of BCSM at 20 years were four times higher in stage IIIC HR-positive disease and seven times higher in stage IIIC HR-negative disease. Risks of BCSM conditional on having survived 5 years depended on tumor size, nodal status, race, and tumor grade for HR-positive disease and depended on tumor size, nodal status, and age for HR-negative disease.
CONCLUSIONS: In stage III breast cancer, the risk of BCSM at 20 years is very high and remains important even beyond the first 5 years in both HR-positive and HR-negative disease. Late BCSM depends on traditional clinicopathologic factors.
KEYWORDS: Hormone receptor; Estrogen receptor; Prognostic factors; Late; Recurrence; Relapse
PMID: 33590387
DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06121-x