《名师导学》之完形填空考法及解题策略(四)

探析6:结合文化背景及生活常识答题

考生不仅要有广博的知识、了解中西文化差异,还要具备丰富的生活经历,当对语言的把握不很准确时,考生可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来帮助判断。将文段意思和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识,以及科普常识等结合起来, 进行简单推理,从而得出正确答案。事实上, 该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的,因为虽有背景常识, 仍需简单推理;逻辑推理离不开背景常识。

[例12][2019课标II卷] .A localfarmer told them the dog sounded like one advertised as lost in the localpaper. The ad had a  51  numberfor a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers  52  thenumber of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had found their dog.

51. A house B phone C street      D car

52. A called B copied C counted  Dremembered

【名师导学】51. 第一句意为:一位当地的农民告诉他们,那条狗听起来很像当地报纸上说的那条丢失的狗。根据常识可知在报纸上登寻狗广告一定会把失主的电话号码告诉人们,再根据设空处后的number可知设空处应为phone,故答案为B项。

52. 根据常识可知,既然从寻狗广告中得到了失主的电话,Ehlers一定会打电话联系失主,故答案为A项。

[例13][2018课标III卷] When most of us get a textmessage on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “sorry,________ number!” and move on.

A. unlucky   B. secret         C. new            D. wrong

【名师导学】D。根据生活常识,接到来自陌生人的短信,我们常说“对不起,你记错号码了”。故选D。

探析7:把握文章语气感情

多数完形填空含有一定的语气感情内容,考生做题时一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中,细心找出描写人物特定心理和情绪以及作者态度感情的重要词汇,而名词、形容词、副词、动词等经常是我们圈定某些题目正确答案的重要线索。

解答该类题型时,考生要努力找出能够体现心理和情绪状态的言语及行为词汇,根据这些标志性词汇,结合上下文推知选项,但有的文章表现的心理和情绪等语境状态不是贯彻始终,语气常常会发生改变,因此我们做完形填空题时应认真阅读原文,找出反映情感语气变化的标志性词汇,并据此进行逻辑判断,从而推断出未知信息。

[例14][2011全国II卷] I climbed thestairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. Bythe time I got to the third floor, I was          and at the same time feeling lonely.

A. helpless

B. lazy

C. anxious

D. tired

【名师导学】D。climbed,big,two more,“贬义感情D 。句意:“我”拖着一个大箱子,慢慢地爬上楼梯,“我”父亲拿着另外两个箱子。“我”到三楼时,实在是太累了,与此同时感觉孤独。

[例15] [2011课标卷] With Dad still complaining about a hurtingknee, I put my head in, expecting the worst. nd there on a well-made bed sat Amy, my new roommate,dressed neatly. Greeting me with a nod, she said in a soft voice, “Hi, you mustbe Cori.” Then, she looked over at Dad, “And of course, you’re Mr. Faber,” she said,    2   .“Would you like a glass of iced tea?” Dad’s face turned decidedly     3     before he could bring out a “yes.”

(1) A. regret

B. disappointment

C. surprise

D. knowledge

(2) A. questioning

B. wondering

C. smiling

D. guessing

(3) A. redder

B. less pale

C. less red

D. paler

【名师导学】有时文章语气常常随着情节发展会发生变化,考生要善于发现文中产生心理和情绪等变化的标志性词汇,大胆推测答案。根据complainingexpecting the worstwell-made“我”开始以为宿舍条件很差,结果惊讶发现房间设备很好。故题1答案为C。根据dressed neatly,Greeting,asoft voice判断题2答案为C。同时以上这些词语褒义色彩

探析8:利用排除法解题

当我们对某个题目的正确选项不能决断,这时我们可以试试排除法:将选项逐一代入空白处,根据上下文排除明显不符合题意的选项,逐渐缩小范围,最后找出正确答案。

[例16][2010全国I卷] Waiting above the crowded streets, on topof a building 110 stories high, was Philippe Petit. This daring Frenchman wasabout to ________ a tightrope (绷索) between the two towers of the World Trade Center.

A.throw          B. walk          C. climb           D. fix

【名师导学】考生如果对walk作及物动词的用法不是很熟悉,很难直接选出答案。在这种情况下运用排除法就会非常方便实用。我们可以先将明显不合题意的三项A、C、D排除掉。因为下文中提到Philippe Petit 在绷索上走了七个来回(Philippe Petit made seven trips, back andforth)。所以很明显这个大胆的法国人不是在两楼之间扔(throw)绳子,也不是顺着绳子朝上攀登(climb),更不是在两座楼间固定(fix)绳子。剩下的B(walk)当然是正确答案了。

探析9:利用积累常见的熟词生义解题

在最近几年的高考完形填空中,一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜,这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的生义而出现思维堵塞,造成了不应有的失分。

[例17][2020全国Ⅱ卷]His son, age 15, who had ____ an art appreciation class, thought that there wassomething  unusual about the  painting with a young girl sitting on a gardenchair.

A. missed       B. failed        C. taken      D. led

【名师导学】C。由设空处后的anart appreciation class可知,此处是指尼科洛的儿子修了一门艺术鉴赏课。take常见含义为“拿走;花费”;此处语境意为“学习;读;修”。

【成功体验3】完成下列高考真题,并说明所用的策略。

1. [2016课标I卷]…he foundanother vehicle upside down on the road…flames…wrecked(毁坏的)vehicle...was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay stilluntil the emergency personnel arrived, but she thought the car was goingto  _______.

A. explode    B. slip away    C. fall apart    D. crash

2.[2016课标I卷] The man whohad his bright lights on came over and told Larry he had _______ an emergencycall … until the emergency personnel arrived…

Once fire and emergency peoplearrived…

A. returned      B. received       C. made      D. confirmed

3.[2016课标Ⅱ卷]Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置)onyour desk. And they’venever actually _______ you. Everything they know about you... through thisdevice sometimes from hundreds of miles away.

A. accepted    B. noticed         C. heard       D. met

4. [ 2016课标Ⅲ卷]When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. Thatmeant    1   Miller King, who was the best    2    at our school.

(1)A.cheering for              B. beatingout

C. relyingon                  D. staying with

(2)A. coach    B. student    C. teacher     D. player

5. [2016课标 I卷] Larry workswith Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was traveling along 165north after delivering to one of his ______.

A. passengers                    B. colleagues

C. employers                     D. customers

6. [2016课标I卷] But her coldvoice really     1     me. I sometimes wished to    2    another agent.

(1)A.annoyed                     B.interested

C. discouraged               D. confused

(2)A.promote    B. train      C. find           D. know

7. [2014广东卷] It has beenargued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The    1    is based on the belief that in regular classesthese children are held back in their intellectual(智力的)growthby    2   situations that are designed for the    3   children.

(1)A.principle                  B. theory

C. arguments              D. classification

(2)A.designing                 B.grouping

C. learning                  D. living

(3)A.smart                        B. curious

C. mature                      D. average

8. [2016课标I卷] ) Larry toldher that he had already put out the fire and she should not move _______ she injuredher neck.

A.  as if

B. unless

C. in case

D. after

9.[2016课标III卷] We went 10 —1 and I was namedmost valuable player, _____ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame…

A.  and

B. then

C. but

D. thus

10.[2017课标I卷]In 1973, I was teaching elementary school.Each day, 27 kids entered “The Thinking Laboratory”. That was the name studentsvoted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too _____.

A.  small

B. dark

C. strange

D. dull

11.[2017课标III卷] Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking foranything in return and that the woman who uses the extra ticket can choose toeither travel with him or reserve the ticket and travel on her own.

...He said the _________ woman will be announced on the website and the trip willbe shared online.

A.honored     B. lovely        C. intelligent     D. lucky

12. [2018课标II卷]Two weeksearlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He’d moved toEngland with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d last seenhim. So imagine my 42 when he emailed mesaying he wanted to come to visit me.
A. delight   B. relief            C. anger     D. worry
13. [2020新高考Ⅰ卷] A floodhad hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away anumber of birds. __25__, the number of snakes had declined as well.
A. Besides            B.However  C. Therefore                     D. Otherwise

14. [2016课标I卷] Suddenly,Larry saw a car with its bright lights on. As he got closer, he found__________ vehicle upside down on the road…

The man who had his bright lightson …and told Larry…

A.  each

B. another

C. that

D. his

15. [2016课标I卷]Then, Larry asked the _______ if he was needed or free to go. They let him andthe other man go.

A.woman      B. police      C. man    D. driver
16. [2018·全国Ⅱ]Two weeksearlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He’d moved toEngland with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d last seenhim. So imagine my _______ when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visitme.
A. delight   B.relief            C. anger   D.worry
17. [2020·课标Ⅱ] His sonthought that there was something unusual about the painting with a young girl sittingon a garden chair. It was signed (签名) “Bonnato”or so he thought, but when he researched it, he only found “Bonnard,” a Frenchpainter he had never heard of. He bought a book and was___    to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnardsitting on the same chair in the same garden as his father’s painting.
A. expected       B. surprised    C. anxious       D. ready
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