中考英语纯干货来了,家有初中生都会收藏起来
曾经问我的学生们,你们觉得学习英语最难的是什么?很多同学都会回答两个字:语法。
英语语法作为我们初中英语学习的一个重点知识内容,它的牢固程度将影响着我们整个初中阶段的一个英语学习成绩,所以,对于孩子们来讲,掌握好英语语法非常重要。
而在初中阶段,8大时态的学习可以说很多孩子的一个难点,尤其是在写作的时候,对于我们时态的区别,大多数的孩子也都有点不知所措。
今天就着重为大家总结一下关于我们初中英语所必须要掌握的英语八大时态,建议家长们都为孩子收藏打印一份。
现在学习英语如果你还不知道思维导图就太out了吧?首先给大家呈现初中英语八大时态的思维导图。
八大时态思维导图
一、一般现在时
一般现在时里动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则
动词的三单变化
动词第三人称单数变化的歌诀:
动词三单现在式,一般词尾加-s。
s、x、ch、sh 连词尾,直接加上-es。
词尾若是字母o,考虑是否加-es。
辅音字母+y 来结尾,变y为i有道理,-es后面紧跟随。
1、标志词/时间状语:
常与
often(经常),
sometimes(有时),
always(总是),
usually(通常)等副词连用。
也经常与every day(每天),
every week(每周),
every month(每月),
every term(每学期),
every year(每年),
once a week(一周一次),
twice a year(一年两次)等时间状语连用。
例如:
She never gets up late.
她从不晚起。
I go to see my grandmother every month.
我每个月都去看我的奶奶。
2、注意动词的三单变化:
1)一般现在时句子中,当主语是第三人称单数时,动词也要用第三人称单数形式。(主三单,动三单)
其中三单主语包括:he, she, it, Tom(单数名词),water(不可数名词)等
二、一般过去时
动词过去式表格
1、一般过去时的基本用法:
(1)带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时。(eg: yesterday, last year, just now, two days ago, in the old days等)
eg: He left just now.
Lei Feng was a good soldier.
What did you have for breakfast this morning?三、现在进行时
现在分词的构成:
1)动词的后面直接加-ing。例如:work-working,study-studying
2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉字母e,再加-ing。例如:live-living
3)以重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing。例如:
stop-stopping,swim-swimming,run-running
1、1) 现在进行时表示说话的时候正在进行的动作,经常和now,right now, at the moment等时间状语或者动词look,listen等连用。例如:
My father is watching TV now.我爸爸现在在看电视。
Look! My brother is playing basketball there.
看!我弟弟正在那里打篮球。
2)现在进行时可以表示目前一段时间内一直进行的动作,经常和these days,this week, at present等时间状语连用。例如:
My parents are working on a farm these days.
这些天我的父母在农场干活。
3)现在进行时还可以表示现在不断发展变化的事情,表示不断发展变化的动词有get,grow,turn,become等。例如:
The leaves are turning yellow. 树叶在变黄。
4)现在进行时还可以表示将要发生的动作,只限于动词arrive,begin,go,come,leave,fly等动词。例如:
I am coming soon. 我马上来。
2 、现在进行时的句式变化。
肯定句式:主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.
否定句式:主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它.
一般疑问句:Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它?
特殊疑问句:疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它?
对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答,它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根据实际情况回答。
3、 现在进行时的特殊用法。
表示位置移动的动词,如:leave/ come/go/begin等用于现在进行时,表示按计划或安排近期将要进行的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
— Can you help me? 你能帮我吗?
— OK! I’m coming. 当然可以,我就来。
I’m going fishing tomorrow. 我明天要去钓鱼。四、过去进行时
By the time we got there,it was already getting dark.
等我们赶到那里时,天已经黑下来了。
1、过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
例如: (1)We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
(2)What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么?
(3)My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来,受伤了。
(4)It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。
(5)When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 当我到达山顶的时候,阳光灿烂。
2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如:
What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?昨天晚上九点她在做什么? (介词短语表示时间点)
When I saw him he was decorating his room.当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when从句表示时间点)
3. 在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如:
While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. 他边等车边看报。 (两个动作都是延续的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)
4、表示在过去即将发生的动作。如:
She asked him whether he was coming back for supper.
5、表示过去的反复性或习惯性的动作,常与副词always,constantly,continually,frequently等连用,常常带有说话人的某种感情色彩。如:
His mother was always working like that.他目前总是那样工作。
6. 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有:agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。
五、一般将来时
记忆口诀
一般将来时,将要发生事
谓语不一般,will加动原(动词原形)
要变疑问句,will放在主语前
否定句,也不难,will 后面not添
1. will/shall+动词原形
will 在陈述句中用于各种人称;shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。
否定式:will not=won't;shall not=shan't
一般疑问式:will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他?
特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?
I will/shall do a better job next time. 下次我要做得好些。
Oil and water will not mix. 油和水没法混在一起。
—Will he help you with your English tonight? 今天晚上他会帮助你学习英语吗?
—Yes, he will./No, he won't. 是的,他会。/不,他不会。
—When will you arrive for America? 你什么时候去美国?
—Tomorrow. 明天。
2. am/is/are going to +动词原形
否定式:am/is/are not going to +动词原形
一般疑问式:am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他?
特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?
He is going to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在伦敦度假。
Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
Is he going to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集数据吗?
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么?
六、过去将来时
1. 过去将来时的定义
过去将来时主要用于表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
He said he would come here next Friday. 他说他下周星期五来这儿。
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我知道当我们陷入困境时它会帮助我们。
2. 过去将来时的结构
(1) would + 动词原形。如:
She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term. 她告诉我们说她将一切努力在本期赶上其他同学们。
When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 过去当你请她帮忙时,他绝不会拒绝。
(2) was / were going to + 动词原形。如:
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告诉我说他要参加那次会议。
He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他说将要拍我去火车站接她
(3) was / were to + 动词原形。如:
The building was to be completed next month. 这座建筑改在下个月竣工。
Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李蕾很快就要到了。
(4) was / were about to + 动词原形。如:
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就在我们要离开时,天突然下起了大雨。
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中饭的时候,门铃响起来了。
(5) was / were +现在分词。如:
He was leaving the next day. 他第二天要走了。
We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. 我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们学校。
3. 过去将来时的用法
(1) 过去将来时,一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如:
He said he would stay with us. 他说他要与我们呆在一起。
He said he would never go there again. 他说他绝不会再去那儿。
(2) 过去将来时,用于虚拟语气中,如:
If I were you, I would not do that. 要是我是你的话,我就不会那样做。
If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在这儿,他就会向我们展示该如何做了。
4. 拓展
was / were going to + 动词原形;was / were to + 动词原形;was / were about to + 动词原形等结构都可表达当时一种未曾实现的意图或打算。如:
The conference was going to be held the next month. 会议下个月开。
We were to have our class at eight. 八点我们该上课了。
I was about to tell him about it when Wu Dong got in. 就在我要告诉他时,吴东进来了。
七、现在完成时
1.现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在。
I have already posted the photo.
我已经邮寄出了照片。
与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语,如already(肯定句句中), yet(否定句/疑问句句尾), just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。
2.现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻,持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。
He has lived here since 1978.
自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)
此种用法常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用。谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词:
go out----be out
finish----be over
open----be open
die----be dead
buy---have
fall ill---be ill
come back----be back
catch a cold----have a cold
八、过去完成时
标志:had + 动词的过去分词1. 表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。如:
By the end of last week he had finished the work.He had left when I arrived.
2. 表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。如:
We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema.
3. 某些表意向的动词(如intend, think, plan, expect, hope等)的过去完成时表示主语未曾实现的愿望、希望、打算。如:
I had intended to visit you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
4. (虚拟语气)在条件状体从句或wish / would rather等后面的从句中,使用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的主观愿望。如:
The party wouldn’t have been so perfect if you hadn’t come.I wish I had gone with you to the concert that day.
5. 过去完成时与一般过去时1) 基本区别:过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态,即过去完成时强调“过去的过去”,而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态。如:
He studied there two years ago.他两年前在那儿学习(离现在两年)He said he had studied there two years before.他说他两年前在那儿学习过。(离他说话时两年)
2) 特别注意:两个动作如果按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或者用then, and, but等连词连接时,多用一般过去时。如:
When she saw the mouse, she screamed.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
耐心看完这篇文章,八大时态以后就全搞定了!