濒危的鲑鱼

When you are in the Snake River, you can be in two states -- Idaho and Oregon -- at once.

如果你位于蛇河上，那么你可以往前进入爱达荷州或者往后回到俄勒冈州。

You can find yourself in magical places that are sacred to the Nez Perce Tribe, surrounded by ancient petroglyphs.

你会发现自己身处内兹佩尔塞部落神圣的魔法之地，周围是古老的岩画。

In some areas, the water plunges so deep beneath the canyon rim that it outdoes the Grand Canyon by nearly 2,000 feet.

在一些地区，水深到峡谷边缘之下，比大峡谷高出近2000英尺。

To say it simply, it’s majestic. And like many rivers in the United States, it's in peril.

简单地说，它是庄严的。和美国的许多河流一样，它也处于危险之中。

The Snake River is the most endangered river in the United States in 2021, according to American Rivers, which has put out a list every year for 36 years.

据美国河流组织称，蛇河在2021年是美国最濒危的河流，该组织已经连续36年每年发布一份濒危河流名单。

At the center of the issue is salmon, which "have never been closer to extinction than they are today,” said Amy Souers Kober, vice president for communications at conservation group American Rivers.

问题的核心是鲑鱼，“它们从未像今天这样，濒临灭绝，”保护组织美国河流负责传播的副总裁艾米·苏尔斯·科贝尔说。

Many see it as a crisis, and one that can be solved -- but while salmon are at the heart of the problem, it goes even deeper than that.

许多人认为这是一场危机，而且是可以解决的——而虽然鲑鱼是问题的核心，但问题还不止于此。

In the 1880s, it was estimated that between 25,000 and 35,000 sockeye would make the 900-mile journey up the river and back to Idaho to spawn each year.

在19世纪80年代，据估计，每年有25000到35000只红鲑会沿着河流逆流而上，穿越900英里的旅程回到爱达荷州产卵。

In 1992, a single, solitary sockeye was able to make the trip, according to National Geographic. He was known as Lonesome Larry.

据《国家地理》杂志报道，1992年，最后一只孤独的红眼鲑鱼成功完成了这次旅行，他被称为孤独的拉里。

The salmon population has since rebounded, but not to levels anywhere near what the Snake River previously saw.

鲑鱼的数量后来有所回升，但还没有达到蛇河之前的水平。

“I’m raising children in this region. And I would like more than anything for my children to see these fish returned in solid numbers,” Mark Deming, a local Idaho fisherman and director of marketing at Northwest River Supplies, said.

“我的孩子就在这里长大。我更希望我的孩子们能看到这些鱼大量回归，”马克·戴明说，他是爱达荷州当地的一位渔民，也是西北河流供应公司的营销总监.

"When people don’t come to fish, then the cash registers aren’t ringing, and that’s had a pretty big economic impact."

“当人们不来捕鱼时，收银机就不会响了，这对经济造成了相当大的影响。”

Fishing generates more than $5 billion annually in the Pacific Northwest, supporting more than 36,000 jobs, according to American Rivers.

根据美国河流协会的统计，太平洋西北部地区的渔业每年创造超过50亿美元的收入，提供了超过36,000个工作岗位。

Salmon are vital to both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and essential to the livelihood of more than 130 other forms of wildlife, according to biologists.

生物学家称，鲑鱼对陆地和水生生态系统都至关重要，对130多种其他野生动物的生存也至关重要。

They are also a crucial part of the Nez Perce culture.

它们也是内兹佩尔塞文化的重要组成部分。

The Nez Perce story states that the salmon gave of himself so that the Nimiipuu could thrive.

内兹佩尔塞的故事说，鲑鱼牺牲了自己，这样尼米普人才能兴旺发达。

In return, they would protect the land.

因此，他们答应守护这片土地。

The tribe, which has inhabited the area for centuries, is said to have saved explorers Lewis and Clark from freezing and starving to death.

这个部落已经在这个地区居住了几个世纪，据说他们把几乎冻饿至死的探险家刘易斯和克拉克救了出来。

“Salmon is more than a resource to us ... [it] signifies our creation, our life and our continued life on this land,” Nakia Williamson, director of the Nez Perce Tribe culture resources program, said.

“对我们来说，鲑鱼不仅仅是一种资源……[它]象征着我们在这片土地上的创造、我们的生活和我们的未来，”内兹·佩尔塞部落文化资源项目主任纳基亚·威廉姆森说。

The tribe has had to resort to using hatcheries and transplanting salmon to keep the population growing.

这个部落不得不使用孵化场和移植鲑鱼来保持数量的增长。

Salmon have been dying at a rapid rate over the last 10 years.

在过去的10年里，鲑鱼的快速走向了濒临灭绝的状态。

If that continues, nearly 80% of salmon populations could come mostly from hatcheries by 2025, "and some even before that,” said Jay Hesse, the Nez Perce Tribe department of fisheries resource management research division director.

如果这种情况继续下去，到2025年，近80%的鲑鱼种群将主要来自孵卵场，“有些地方甚至更早就会到达这种状态，”内兹佩尔塞部落渔业资源管理研究部主任杰伊·黑塞说道。

问题

文中提到了哪一个少数民族部落？

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