根据业务摸索出的一个selenium代码模版（python）
前言
总算入行上班几个月了，不得不说业务是真的不消停啊。。
本人工作上经常遇到一种场景：为甲方做自动化接口处理工具，登录需要短信验证码，，
嘛算是摸索出了一套selenium代码模板，主要解决如下痛点
- 会话超时/断开时，又要找甲方问短信等验证码登录
- 调试途中增减修改功能，算是调试中热更新
分享一下
模板代码
app.py
#!/usr/bin/python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import osimport importlibfrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver import ActionChainsfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byfrom selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWaitfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECimport backendbasepath = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))driver_path = os.path.join(basepath, 'chromedriver.exe')logger = backend.loggerdef init_browser(driver_path=None): options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() options.add_argument('--no-sandbox') options.add_argument('--disable-gpu') prefs = { 'profile.default_content_setting_values': { 'notifications': 2 }} options.add_experimental_option('prefs', prefs) options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-automation']) options.add_experimental_option("useAutomationExtension", False) browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path=driver_path) browser.maximize_window() browser.execute_cdp_cmd("Page.addScriptToEvaluateOnNewDocument", { "source": """ Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', { get: () => undefined }) """ }) return browserdef jump_security(wait, mouse): wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'details-button'))).click() ele = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'proceed-link'))) mouse.move_to_element(ele).click().perform()def init_login(driver, wait, mouse): username_inp = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "username"))) username_inp.send_keys("user") password_inp = driver.find_element_by_id("password") password_inp.send_keys("password")class App(object): def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs): if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'): cls.error_num = 0 cls.driver = init_browser(driver_path) cls.wait = WebDriverWait(cls.driver, 20) cls.mouse = ActionChains(cls.driver) cls.driver.get('https://www.target.com/login') # jump_security(cls.wait, cls.mouse) init_login(cls.driver, cls.wait, cls.mouse) cls._instance = object.__new__(cls) return cls._instance# 模式1：client无限循环def run_unlimited(): while True: try: obj = App() input('等待登录并进入目标页面后，回此处按回车 >>> ') back = backend.Backend(obj) results = back.main() except Exception as e: pass finally: mode = input('供backend修改的阻塞暂停') importlib.reload(backend)# 模式2：构建本地api服务from flask import Flaskapp = Flask(__name__)@app.route("/", methods=["GET"])def main(): importlib.reload(backend) back = backend.Backend(App()) results = back.main()if __name__ == '__main__': os.system('taskkill /im chromedriver.exe /F')# win专用，清残留进程 os.system('taskkill /im chrome.exe /F') run_unlimited() # app.run()前端有两部分，一是单例的selenium，二是此自动化处理工具的形式：client循环形式 / api服务形式
单例的 _new_ 里init一些属性，处理登录那部分也可以放后台
两种形式其实就是看形式是要主动触发还是被动触发，至于具体做什么就放后台
backend.py
#!/usr/bin/python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import jsonimport osimport refrom concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completedimport requestsimport simplejsonfrom loguru import loggerfrom retry import retryfrom tqdm import tqdm, trangeimport urllib3urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)basepath = os.path.abspath('./')logger.add(f'{basepath}/logs/{os.path.basename(__file__)[:-3]}.log', format="{level} | {time:YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss} | {function}:{line} - {message}", level="INFO", retention='5 days')class Backend(object): def __init__(self, obj): self.sess = requests.session() self.driver = obj.driver self.sess.headers = {'Accept': 'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept-Language': 'zh-Hans-CN, zh-Hans; q=0.5', 'Cache-Control': 'no-cache', 'Connection': 'Keep-Alive', 'Content-Length': '561', 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8', 'Cookie': 'SESSION=abcdefg', 'Host': 'www.target.com', 'Referer': 'https://www.target.com/path', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko', 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest' } def get_cookie(self): self.driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@class="e.g:trigger btn"]').click() cookies = {_["name"]: _["value"] for _ in self.driver.get_cookies()} return cookies def get_headers(self): cookies = self.get_cookie() token = self.driver.execute_script('return window.sessionStorage.getItem("token")') self.sess.headers.update({ 'Authorization': token, 'Cookie': f'SESSION={cookies["SESSION"]}; acw_tc={cookies["acw_tc"]}' }) @retry((json.decoder.JSONDecodeError, simplejson.errors.JSONDecodeError, KeyError, ValueError), tries=3, delay=1) def do_api(self): url = 'https://www.target.com/api/path' payload = { 'params': '31b1xu0', } self.get_headers() resp = self.sess.post(url, json=payload, verify=False, timeout=10) if resp.status_code == 200: self.pre_api_task(resp.json()) # do what you need todo else: raise ValueError(f'do_api failed:: {resp.text}') def do_selenium_command(self): self.driver.execute_script("$('p[class=imgShow]').click()") self.driver.execute_script("document.getElementsByClassName('supportRadioOptional1 checked')[0].click();") pagenum = int(re.search(r'共 (\d+) 页', self.driver.page_source).group(1)) for _ in trange(pagenum, ncols=40): self.pre_page_task()# do what you need todo self.driver.execute_script(f"PaginationpageTable.gotoPage('next', '{_+2}', '50');") def main(self): self.do_selenium_command() self.do_api()if __name__ == '__main__': requests.get('127.0.0.1:5000')基于前面说的短信验证码，让甲方登录后selenium一顿操作就把api的headers补完了，可以愉快地请求接口了
需要js取参数的话可以这样写token = self.driver.execute_script('return window.sessionStorage.getItem("token")')
用pycharm的话可以右上角debug选择框处编辑配置，在对应的python调试条目的配置下-> 执行处 -> 勾选使用python控制台运行，这样程序运行后会保持内存中，仍可以ipython形式调试执行代码
目前遇到的一些注意点：
- 渲染的页面带frame，需要switch_to再xpath等处理，可把
driver.page_source写进文件判断是否该目标页顺带测定位 - 有时
driver.find_element_by_*无法定位，试试用js；有些JS/Jquery功能在老版IE上用不了，回用mouse处理（套娃呢喂）；连续使用js时要注意响应等待时间
- basepath处用
'./'取巧了一下(与pyinstaller打包有关)，可以基于此变量做一些本地文件处理
Last
毕竟最终是为甲方做的，程序要以甲方设备为准 即使它是win7,用pywin32定位句柄出现兼容问题即使业务网站只兼容IE内核，js部分功能无法用头发掉光了啊
毕竟是个人摸索出的，可能有更优解，如大佬路过还请不要吝啬交(p)流(y)一下心得
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