杏林荟萃之医学英语4-神经系统

一、Word ElementWord elementmeaningterminologies-lepsySeizure癫痫Epilepsy癫痫Narcolepsy发作性睡病Idio-自发，特异Idiopathic 特发性的Crypto-隐藏，隐窝Cryptogenic隐源性的Pseudo-假，伪，拟Pseudoepileptic seizure 假性癫痫发作参考：《医学英语词汇学习手册》（第2版） 主编：郭莉萍 中国协和医科大学出版社二、ReadingEpilepsy is a group of neurological diseases characterized by epileptic seizures.Epileptic seizures are episodes that can vary from brief and nearly undetectable to long periods of vigorous shaking. These episodes can result in physical injuries including occasionally broken bones.In epilepsy, seizures tend to recur, and have no immediate underlying cause. Isolated seizures that are provoked by a specific cause such as poisoning are not deemed to represent epilepsy. People with epilepsy in some areas of the world experience stigma due to the condition.The cause of most cases of epilepsy is unknown, although some people develop epilepsy as the result of brain injury, stroke, brain tumors, infections of the brain, and birth defects. Known genetic mutations are directly linked to a small proportion of cases. Epileptic seizures are the result of excessive and abnormal nerve cell activity in the cortex of the brain. The diagnosis involves ruling out other conditions that might cause similar symptoms such as fainting and determining if another cause of seizures is present such as alcohol withdrawal or electrolyte problems. This may be partly done by imaging the brain and performing blood tests. Epilepsy can often be confirmed with anelectroencephalogram (EEG), but a normal test does not rule out the condition.Epilepsy that occurs as a result of other issues may be preventable.] Seizures are controllable with medication in about 70% of cases. Inexpensive options are often available. In those whose seizures do not respond to medication, then surgery, neurostimulation, or dietary changes may be considered.Not all cases of epilepsy are lifelong, and many people improve to the point that treatment is no longer needed.三、WordsSymptomatic epilepsy  症状性癫痫Idiopathic epilepsy  特发性癫痫Cryptogenic epilepsy  隐源性癫痫Partial seizure  部分性发作Generalized seizure  全面性发作Generalized tonic-clonic seizure 全面强直阵挛发作Absence seizure  失神性发作Grand mal  癫痫大发作Petit mal  癫痫小发作Status epilepticus  癫痫持续状态Intractable epilepsy  难治性癫痫