网络骨干通信协议--OSPF
定义:开放式最短路径优先OSPF(Open Shortest Path First)是IETF组织开发的一个基于链路状态的内部网关协议(Interior Gateway Protocol)。目前针对IPv4协议使用的是OSPF Version 2(RFC2328);针对IPv6协议使用OSPF Version 3(RFC2740)。如无特殊说明,本文中所指的OSPF均为OSPF Version 2。
目的:
1.在OSPF出现前,网络上广泛使用RIP(Routing Information Protocol)作为内部网关协议。
1.1 OSPF基本功能组网图
如图所示,所有的路由器都运行OSPF,并将整个自治系统划分为3个区域,其中RouterA和RouterB作为ABR来转发区域之间的路由。配置完成后,每台路由器都应学到AS内的到所有网段的路由。
1.2 配置思路
采用如下的思路配置OSPF基本功能:
1.在各路由器上使能OSPF。
2.指定不同区域内的网段。
2.1 配置各路由器接口的IP地址
配置RouterA。
<Huawei> system-view
[Huawei] sysname RouterA
[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/0
[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ip address 192.168.0.1 24
[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit
[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 2/0/0
[RouterA-GigabitEthernet2/0/0] ip address 192.168.1.1 24
[RouterA-GigabitEthernet2/0/0] quit
RouterB、RouterC、RouterD、RouterE和RouterF的配置与RouterA一致(略)
2.2 配置OSPF基本功能
[RouterA] router id 1.1.1.1[RouterA] ospf[RouterA-ospf-1] area 0[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit[RouterA-ospf-1] area 1[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1] network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1] quit[RouterA-ospf-1] quit
配置RouterB。
[RouterB] router id 2.2.2.2
[RouterB] ospf
[RouterB-ospf-1] area 0
[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[RouterB-ospf-1] area 2
[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2] network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2] quit
[RouterB-ospf-1] quit
[RouterC] router id 3.3.3.3[RouterC] ospf[RouterC-ospf-1] area 1[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1] network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1] network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1] quit[RouterC-ospf-1] quit
[RouterD] router id 4.4.4.4
[RouterD] ospf
[RouterD-ospf-1] area 2
[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2] network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2] network 172.17.1.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2] quit
[RouterD-ospf-1] quit
[RouterE] router id 5.5.5.5[RouterE] ospf[RouterE-ospf-1] area 1[RouterE-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1] network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255[RouterE-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1] quit[RouterE-ospf-1] quit
[RouterF] router id 6.6.6.6
[RouterF] ospf
[RouterF-ospf-1] area 2
[RouterF-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2] network 172.17.1.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterF-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2] quit
[RouterF-ospf-1] quit
2.3 验证配置结果
[RouterA] display ospf peer
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Neighbors
Area 0.0.0.0 interface 192.168.0.1(GigabitEthernet1/0/0)'s neighbors
Router ID: 2.2.2.2 Address: 192.168.0.2
State: Full Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1
DR: 192.168.0.2 BDR: 192.168.0.1 MTU: 0
Dead timer due in 36 sec
Retrans timer interval: 5
Neighbor is up for 00:15:04
Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]
Neighbors
Area 0.0.0.1 interface 192.168.1.1(GigabitEthernet2/0/0)'s neighbors
Router ID: 3.3.3.3 Address: 192.168.1.2
State: Full Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1
DR: 192.168.1.2 BDR: 192.168.1.1 MTU: 0
Dead timer due in 39 sec
Retrans timer interval: 5
Neighbor is up for 00:07:32
Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]
[RouterA] display ospf routing
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Routing Tables
Routing for Network
Destination Cost Type NextHop AdvRouter Area
172.16.1.0/24 2 Transit 192.168.1.2 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.1
172.17.1.0/24 3 Inter-area 192.168.0.2 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
192.168.0.0/24 1 Transit 192.168.0.1 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
192.168.1.0/24 1 Transit 192.168.1.1 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.1
192.168.2.0/24 2 Inter-area 192.168.0.2 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
Total Nets: 5
Intra Area: 3 Inter Area: 2 ASE: 0 NSSA: 0
[RouterA] display ospf lsdb
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Link State Database
Area: 0.0.0.0
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 317 48 80000003 1
Router 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 316 48 80000002 1
Network 192.168.0.2 2.2.2.2 399 32 800000F8 0
Sum-Net 172.16.1.0 1.1.1.1 250 28 80000001 2
Sum-Net 172.17.1.0 2.2.2.2 203 28 80000001 2
Sum-Net 192.168.2.0 2.2.2.2 237 28 80000002 1
Sum-Net 192.168.1.0 1.1.1.1 295 28 80000002 1
Area: 0.0.0.1
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 5.5.5.5 5.5.5.5 214 36 80000004 1
Router 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 217 60 80000008 1
Router 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 289 48 80000002 1
Network 192.168.1.1 1.1.1.1 202 28 80000002 0
Network 172.16.1.1 3.3.3.3 670 32 80000001 0
Sum-Net 172.17.1.0 1.1.1.1 202 28 80000001 3
Sum-Net 192.168.2.0 1.1.1.1 242 28 80000001 2
Sum-Net 192.168.0.0 1.1.1.1 300 28 80000001 1
[RouterD] display ospf routing
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 4.4.4.4
Routing Tables
Routing for Network
Destination Cost Type NextHop AdvRouter Area
172.16.1.0/24 4 Inter-area 192.168.2.1 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.2
172.17.1.0/24 1 Transit 172.17.1.1 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.2
192.168.0.0/24 2 Inter-area 192.168.2.1 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.2
192.168.1.0/24 3 Inter-area 192.168.2.1 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.2
192.168.2.0/24 1 Transit 192.168.2.2 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.2
Total Nets: 5
Intra Area: 2 Inter Area: 3 ASE: 0 NSSA: 0
[RouterD] ping 172.16.1.1
PING 172.16.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 172.16.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=253 time=62 ms
Reply from 172.16.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=16 ms
Reply from 172.16.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=62 ms
Reply from 172.16.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=253 time=94 ms
Reply from 172.16.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=253 time=63 ms
--- 172.16.1.1 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 16/59/94 ms
3.1 RouterA的配置文件
# sysname RouterA#router id 1.1.1.1#interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0 ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0#interface GigabitEthernet2/0/0 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0#ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0 network 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0.0.0.1 network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255#return
3.2 RouterB的配置文件
#
sysname RouterB
#
router id 2.2.2.2
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0
ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet2/0/0
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255
area 0.0.0.2
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
#
return
3.3 RouterC的配置文件
# sysname RouterC#router id 3.3.3.3#interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0#interface GigabitEthernet2/0/0 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0#ospf 1 area 0.0.0.1 network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255#return
3.4 RouterD的配置文件
#
sysname RouterD
#
router id 4.4.4.4
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0
ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet2/0/0
ip address 172.17.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.2
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
network 172.17.1.0 0.0.0.255
#
return
3.5 RouterE的配置文件
# sysname RouterE#router id 5.5.5.5#interface GigabitEthernet2/0/0 ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0#ospf 1 area 0.0.0.1 network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255#return
3.6 RouterF的配置文件
#
sysname RouterF
#
router id 6.6.6.6
#
interface GigabitEthernet2/0/0
ip address 172.17.1.2 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.2
network 172.17.1.0 0.0.0.255
#
return
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