别再耽误下一代了！赶快培养孩子的批判性思维
依赖性强、人云亦云、懒于思考、拒绝交流……这些是孩子们经常会犯的一些问题，究其原因，是缺乏批判性思维。
什么是批判性思维呢？Professor来帮大家扫扫盲：所谓批判性思维，就是对任何一个观点都进行证伪求真的思维方式。具有批判性思维的孩子更善于思考，不会盲目听从，善于辩证性的看事物，也乐于从他人角度思考问题。
那我们该如何培养孩子的批判性思维呢？各位爸妈不要急，Professor给大家推荐一段TED视频，相信视频中介绍的5个技巧能够给大家带来帮助。
以下是视频的中英文文字
Every day, a sea of decisions stretches before us.
我们每天都要做大量的决定 。
Some are small and unimportant, but others have a larger impact on our lives.
有的微不足道，有的却举足轻重。
For example, ‘Which politician should I vote for?’; ‘Should I try the latest diet craze?’
比如，"我该给哪个政治家投票";"我该加入最新的节食热潮吗？"
or ‘Will email make me a millionaire?’
或者。“一封邮件会让我成为百万富翁吗？”
We are bombarded with so many decisions, that it’s impossible to make a perfect choice every time.
我们被太多事情轮番轰炸，所以不可能每次都做出完美的选择。
But there are many ways to improve our chances.
不过有很多方法可以提高我们做出完美选择的几率。
And one particularly effective technique is critical thinking.
其中尤为有效的一种方法，就是批判性思考。
This is a way of approaching the question, that allow us to carefully deconstruct the situation.
这是一种走进问题本身的方法，可以让我们仔细地抽丝拨茧，剖析现状。
Reveal hidden issues, such as bias and manipulation,and make the best decision.
揭露偏见和人为操纵等隐藏问题，从而做出明智的选择。
If critical part sounds negative, that’s because, in a way, it is.
若“批判性”听起来负能量满满，那是因为某种意义上确实如此。
Rather than choosing an answer because it ‘feels right’,
相比于选择不明觉厉的答案，
a person who uses critical thinking subjects all available options to scrutiny and skepticism.
使用批判性思考的人会以审视怀疑的态度推敲所有可能性。
Using the tools at their disposal, they’ll eliminate everything but the most useful and reliable information.
他们会用自己的方式做排除，只留下最有用最可靠的信息。
There are many different ways of approaching critical thinking,
学习使用批判性思维的方法很多，
here’s one 5 step process that may help you solve any number of problems.
这里的五步法 或许可以帮你解决绝大多数的问题。
1.Formulate your question
准确地阐述你的问题
In other words, know what you’re looking for.
换句话说，就是知道自己需要什么。
This isn’t always as straightforward as it sounds.
这有时并不像听起来那样直截了当。
For example, if you’re deciding whether to try out the newest diet craze,
比如你正在纠结要不要尝试最新的节食方法，
your reasons for doing so may be obscured by other factors,
你的动机或许被其他因素干扰，
like claims that you’ll see results in just two weeks.
比如两周内立即见效的承诺。
But, if you approach the situation with a clear view of what you’re actually trying to accomplish by dieting,
但如果你在决定前先明确自己通过节食要达到的目标，
whether that’s weight loss, better nutrition, or having more energy,
不论是为了减重、补充营养或是提高精力，
that’ll equip you to sift through this information critically, find what you’re looking for,
你会批判性的筛选这些信息，找到你想要的，
and decide whether the new fad really suits your needs.
并判断这一新的节食方法是否真正满足你的需求。
2.Gather your information
收集你的信息
There’s lots of it out there,
因为信息太多了，
so having a clear idea of your question will help you determine what’s relevant.
所以明确的问题能帮你找出相关信息。
If you’re trying to decide on a diet to improve your nutrition,
如果你想通过控制饮食来增强营养的吸收，
you may ask an expert for their advice, or seek other people’s testimonies.
你可能会向专家咨询意见或寻找过来人的经验。
Information gathering helps you weigh different options,
收集信息能帮助你权衡不同的选项，
moving you closer to a decision that meets your goal.
使你做出符合目标的决定。
3.Apply the information
应用你的信息
Something you do by asking critical questions.
即询问批判性问题。
Facing a decision, ask yourself：
当你面对一个选择时，先问问自己 ：
“what concepts are at work?” “What assumptions exist?”
“这个事情的本质概念是什么？存在哪些假设？”
‘Is my interpretation of the information logically sound?’
“我对信息的推断逻辑正确吗？”
For example, in an email that promises you millions, you should consider
比如，在一封许诺给你上百万的邮件里，你该考虑一下
“what is shaping my approach to this situation?”‘Do I assume the sender is telling the truth?’
“我做出决定的动机是什么？我会假设发件人说的是真的吗？”
‘Based on the evidence, is it logical to assume I’ll win any money?’
“基于实证，我能赢钱的假设合乎逻辑吗？”
4.Consider the implication
考虑潜在影响
Imagine it’s election time,
想象大选时，
and you’ve selected a political candidate based on their promise to make it cheaper for drivers to fill up on gas.
你根据一位参选者降低油价的承诺而决定选他。
At first glance, that seems great.
这个承诺乍一看还挺是那么回事。
But what about the long-term environmental effects?
但又怎么说它对环境的长期影响呢？
If gasoline use is less restricted by cost, this could also cause a huge surge in air pollution,
若对使用汽油的价格约束变小，空气污染可能汹涌来袭，
an unintended consequence that’s important to think about.
考虑这种潜在的影响是非常重要的。
5.Explore other points of view
探究其他观点
Ask yourself why so many people are drawn to the policies of the opposing political candidate.
比如，问问自己为什么那么多其他人选择另一个参选人的政策呢？
Even if you disagree with everything that candidate says,
尽管那个参选人的政策你一个字都不赞成，
exploring the full spectrum of viewpoints might explain why some policies that don’t seem valid to you appeal to others.
但是了解全方位的观点能解释为啥你不感冒的政策会吸引别人。
This will allow you to explore alternatives evaluate your own choices,
这使你可以探索其他选择，评估自己的选择，
and ultimately help you make more informed decisions.
并帮助你做出更明智的决定。
Professor点评：
这五步法只是一种方法，它无法为我们彻底抹除生活里的艰难，但是它可以帮我们提高做出正确选择的概率。批判性思维给予我们筛选海量信息的方法，以取所需。
所以，Professor建议各位宝爸宝妈，赶紧培养孩子的批判性思维吧，这对于孩子未来的成长和发展百利而无一害！