游曾国藩故居——阿尼亚房车伴我潇湘行系列
没去曾国藩故居前,不知道其故居有两处,我百度导航把我导到了白玉堂,才知道还有富厚堂,是故居正宗所在,必游之所。
白玉堂
白玉堂是曾国藩的第一故居,是展示曾国藩家世的所在。1811年农历11月11日,曾国藩就出生在这里。从故居的三进四横规模看,曾国藩的先人应为当地一大地主。从一片田园经过,远远望去,青山脚下,一座青瓦白墙的院落格外醒目,走近大门,上书“芳迈群妍”,为曾国藩之父曾麟书所写。进入院落,前有花圃,中有天井,双层飞檐,山字墙垛,雕梁画栋,颇为壮观。堂内图片展中,曾宪植的生平简历吸引了我,因为她不仅是曾国荃的孙女,是个知性美女,更是开国元帅叶剑英的夫人。
走出白玉堂,在左前方,有一栋旧私塾,是曾国藩少儿启蒙的地方;在右前方,曾有一株古老的皂荚树,老树上有一根像巨蟒一样的紫藤,当地百姓称之为“蟒蛇藤”,并有曾国藩系“蟒蛇投胎”的传说呢:道光十八年,曾国藩中进士时,老树紫藤忽然枝繁叶茂,青翠欲滴;咸丰年间,曾国藩与太平军作战屡次失败,老树紫藤就几度落叶;当曾国藩的湘军攻破南京后、官至极品时,老树紫藤发新枝又放奇葩,迎风摇曳,洋洋得意,曾国藩死后,这老树紫藤也就枯萎而死。
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富厚堂
游完白玉堂,再驱车富厚堂,停车场很小,但荷叶塘很大,半月形的池塘,拱卫着富厚堂,站在堂前,视野开阔,绿意颇浓。整个建筑,有点像北京的四合院,是典型的沿中轴线对称的明清回廊式建筑群体。院门上书“毅勇侯第”门前有塘,两边门楼,中有庭院,主楼八本堂,堂前主门上书“富厚堂”,乃曾国藩千古家训第一堂,对后世影响之大,无人能及。此外公记、朴记、方记3座藏书楼乃富厚堂精华所在,曾藏书达30多万卷,是我国保存完好的最大的私家藏书楼之一。来到后山,有鸟鹤楼、棋亭、存朴亭,还有咸丰七年曾国藩亲手在家营建的思云馆,而馆前还飘扬着一面很大的曾氏湘军大旗呢。
曾国藩是我国近代史上一个有重大影响的历史人物。也是近代中国最显赫和最有争议的人物。他的人生,他的智慧,他的思想,深深地影响了几代中国人,蒋介石曾评价曾国藩:“其苦心毅力,自立立人,自达达人之道,盖以足为吾人之师资矣。”毛泽东是这样评价他的:“愚于近人,独服曾文正,观其收拾洪杨一役,完满无缺,使以今人易其位,其能如彼之完满乎?”以致他虽已去世一百余年,提起曾国藩,人们仍然津津乐道。甚至有的评论者认为:如果以人物断代的话,曾国藩是中国古代历史上的最后一人,近代历史上的第一人。这句话从某一角度,概括了曾国藩的个人作用和影响。
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