英语语法：that指代上文中提到的名词
指示代词的替代作用
1）指示代词that和those中以用于指代上文中提到的名词，后面一般带有介词短语或者句子作修饰语。例如：
My seat was next to that (= the seat) of mayor.
我的位子就在市长座位的旁边。
结构分析：My seat是主语，was next to that (= the seat) of mayor是系表型谓语，was是系动词，过去一般时，next to that (= the seat) of mayor是表语。
The population of China is much larger than that (= the population) of Japan.
中国的人口比日本多得多。
结构分析：The population of China是主语，is much larger是系表型谓语（is是系动词，much larger是表语），than that (= the population) of Japan是比较状语。
His recent paintings are better than those (= the paintings) he drew last year.
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