仁爱版 | 九年级英语上册课文原文填空,基础必备!

仁爱版九年级全册

(一)

I'm Kangkang. For this report I have         (采访)my grand-mother. She has lived in Beijing f           more than forty years. She has seen the change in Beijing herself.

In the 1960s, the living c       in the city were poor. The roads were narrow and there weren't many ring roads. Big families were      (crowd) into small houses. Many families couldn't get enough food. Few children had the chance to receive a good                 (educate)

People had little money to see a doctor.  And there were few hospitals. People              in touch with their friends and relatives far away mainly by letter or telegram.

China has developed rapidly               the reform and opening-up. More and more ring roads and subways have  a           and buildings in Beijing are becoming taller and brighter. People's living conditions have           (improve) a lot. And there are more kinds of food and clothes to choose to s                people’s needs. Children can study not only in modern schools but also on the Internet. People can enjoy good m________ care. What's more, communications are becoming easier and quicker--people can use telephones, cellphones, fax machines and the internet.

Beijing has made rapid  p          and it has already    _   (success) in hosting the 2008 Olympic Games. I think it is important to remember the past, live in the present and dream a           the future

(二)

In 2010, the world's population was about 6.8 billion. More than three billion people live in Asia now. That's_____(几乎;大约)half of the world's p__________.

China has the____________(large)population in the world, and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China. Because         the large population, there is________(little)living space for each family. And it is difficult for lots of people           jobs. At the     time,  the  large population has__________(cause) many other________(difficulty) for  the  whole  nation.  For_________, it is hard for China to s      energy and the traffic is much__________(heavy). Natural environment are becoming worse and worse. The large population has been a serious problem.

So far, our government has taken many m__________ to control the population. One is known the one -child policy. It has worked well in________(control)China's  population.to the policy, China is developing quickly and  people's  living conditions are improving  rapidly., the population problem is still serious in China. We still have a long way to go.

(三)

One of the most basic human                  (need) is a home. A home is a safe place. most people around the world ________(重视)their homes, there are many people in every country who are homeless.

Some people are                  (home ) for a short period of time because they are moving from one place to a_________, and other people are not able to find a home. They must live  the streets or in a________(避难所).

There are many causes of _________(无家可归). Sometimes people can not keep a home because they do not earn enough money, or because they do not have a job. Sometimes people are homeless because they have a problem with _________(毒品)or because they have a mental illness. No one is ever homeless on p          .

Whatever the cause of homelessness is, the effects are the same. Homeless people must work very hard to live.  They can not r_______ their children.

(四)

Project Hope is an education program         (help) students. It builds schools in the       (poor) parts of China and it helps poor families afford an education for their children.

Since Project Hope started in 1989, It has done very well. By 2012, Project Hope had    (筹集)8.73 billion yuan.                                     this money, it has aided(帮助) 4.5 million children to go to schools and it has b_______18 002 Hope Primary Schools. Project Hope has made important             (contribute) to   both the education                the health of children. For more than 20 years, Project Hope has________(鼓励) the moral development and _______(现代化的)thinking of students. As a                     , the students in Hope schools r          their teachers, aid the poor,  and help one another. Project Hope is the best-known and most _________ education program in China. Without Project Hope, there is a _______(风险)that many children would have an unhappy future.

(五)

In today’s world, almost everyone knows air pollution is h_____ to people’s  health. However, not all people know noise is also a kind of_________ (pollute) and is harmful to humans’ health.

People                 work and live in noisy conditions often go______(聋 ). For example, many of the workers who print newspapers and books lose their       (hear). Quite a few people living near airports also have hearing loss. Recently, it is r            that many ______(青少年)in  America can hear no           (good) than 65-year-old people do, because these young people always listen to loud pop music.

Making a loud noise in public is also a kind of pollution. It not only disturbs others but also does great harm to people’s hearing. Cars and machines also p            too much noise. Such pollution makes people feel uncomfortable and unpleasant, and it can even_______ (导 致) them to become sick or deaf. Nowadays, many countries are trying to solve all s      of environmental problems, ______(include) noise pollution.

(六)

There are many kinds of pollution around us,       (包括) air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution and light pollution. They are b______ for our health in many ways. Burning gas, oil, and coal creates air pollution.

It can cause sore eyes and breathing p________. With the I _________of pollution and the development of industry, litter is everywhere. It makes our environment dirty. People put lots of          (垃 圾) in the land. Farmers use too many                  (化学物质)in the fields. They _______(毁灭)the soil. So soil pollution has become serious. Noise pollution can make people deaf . For example, people may l          their hearing if they work in a noisy place for a long time. Too much noise can cause high blood pressure as w______.Working for a long time in strong, _______(变幻的)light may cause some kinds of       (ill). It makes people feel terrible and is    (especial)bad for the eyes. With_______(little) pollution, our planet will become greener and our health will be better. Let’s be greener people.

(七)

There are more than 3000 languages  (speak)in the world. Of all these languages, English is the most _______(wide) used. Recent            (调查)show that more than 500 million people speak English               their mother tongue.

From its r          in England, the language was        (传播)around the world by English traders and English governments in new lands. One of these new l        became the United States of America. The population of the United States is 309 million,      (make)it the country           the largest number of native English speakers.

About 300 million people speak English       their second language. There are even more people, like some in Europe as well as in China and Japan,      study English as a foreign language.

English has become the base language for international business, for the world’s airlines and even for the Internet.          (无论什么)language people speak, they need to know some English if they work in these fields. It is c             that the English language is becoming more important.

(八)

I           (fall) in love with English at a very young age, because I think        was a wonderful language. Full of strong wishes of              (learning) English, I began to learn it. But soon I found it            (difficult) than expected. There were too many words, expressions and many other things to            (memory),And even if you  know how            (write)them, you can’t use them            (correct). And I did rather badly in my first English test. While I was in trouble,  my  English  teacher  gave  me              (many)help. I wish to practice speaking English                 foreigners every day!

(九)

some things usually have different m_______ in different culture. Here are some words about animals that are used________(不同地) in different in western cultures and Chinese c_________.

Most phrases in Chinese about the dog, such     “a homeless dog”, “a mad  dog”, “a running dog” and “a dog catching a  mouse”, have(消极的) meanings. But in western countries, dogs are c      honest and good friends of humans. The word, “dog”, have p           meanings. For         , “You  are a lucky dog”              (mean) you are a lucky person. And “every dog has its day” means each person has good luck           times.

As we k     , dragons are very important in Chinese culture. In     (古代的)times, dragons were           (regard)as strong and magical ____(生物). They            (bring)hope and  good  luck. The  ancient  emperors compared themselves         dragons. Nowadays, many parents want their children to become “dragons”. But in western cultures, dragons were dangerous animals. Heroes killed them to          (保护)people. Some things have            (类似的)meanings in Chinese culture and western cultures.

The  rose  is  regarded  as a s      of  love  in both China         some western countries. People  in  China  and  the  West  think  the  rose also stands            peace,           (勇气)and friendship.  When  we pay a              to the cultural meanings of words, we will understand them            (good).

(十)

I'm very glad to s             (分享)our group's opinions          you. Kangkang said that he p             (预习)the day's lesson before class, took notes in class and                   (复习) them after class. Lin Ping said, 'Read a passage. Then try to retell it                  (you).'

Yu  Zhen thought                  (study) grammar was important when learning English. I myself prefer                  (watch) English movies, though sometimes I can't understand them (exact)             . These are our o                . Thank you for listening!

It's an            ( 荣 誉 ) to talk with all of you here. Our group agrees some of Group One's opinions. However, we have some other ideas.

Xu Duoduo said that joining an English club was the best way to I        her English. Cheng Le             (建议)us to read a good English newspaper. But she said, 'We shouldn't                 (翻译)every word when we are reading.'

Shu Yan told us we should speak English with our teachers, classmates and even with foreigners as often as p             . That's all. Thanks. Good job!

You  two have told us many good m      (方法). Each of us can use one or more of them. But remember to choose the ones that            (适合)you best. I'm sure that you will make great progress as long           you stick to them.

And I think                  (keep) a diary in English is a good way                  (improve) your writing. Also, the chants, songs and riddles in our textbooks are             (help).

(十一)

Are you facing problems in l               English? If                 , the following two ways will help you to learn it more      (easy)and with more fun! 'I            (下载)English songs from the Internet. It has really improved my listening. What's               , I am happier when I study this way,' said one junior student.

Listening to your favorite English songs is            (actual) an           (effect) way. Before you listen, you can read first and find            what the song is about. While         (listen), pick some useful words or p            . A dictionary may also be helpful if n             (必要的).

Watching a movie is another good and interesting way. 'It is w              (棒极了)to watch movies, and it can help your English a lot!' said a junior three student. 'You can also imitate the             (发音)of the actors.' So choose your favorite movie before watching. Then have paper and a pen ready as you may want to write               useful words or phrases.

In this way, you can increase the n            of words and understand the dialogs better.

Enjoy using the two ways, and you are sure to learn              (fast) and do better!

(十二)

Maybe it’s not strange for you to see some robots now.With the development of robots     1     (科技), we can use robots widely in many areas.

For   2      , in 2005 , Japan __3       __(development) a new robot. It can take good care of a child. The new robot is __4_   _ iPapero. It _5     (weight) 13.2 kilos, and has a body of15.2 by 10.3 and by 9.8 inches(英寸).iPapero is a small robot, but it has many__6__[‘speʃl] skills. It can recognize(识别) and remember more than ten faces and use its eight electronic ears to understand human voices even in __7__(noise) situations. It also plays games with children when they are 8      , or sing songs or ask quizzes(谜语) to make the child happy. If the child is __9       boring),iPapero will change new songs and quizzes so that it doesn't repeat itself. The robot babysitter(保姆) even has a cell phone to call a __10__ [‘peərənt] when the child asks for his mother.

(十三)

Astronauts are not like pilots. They need some ___________[‘speʃl] trainings. They will fly into ________. First they go to the Johnson space center in Houston Texas. They are _______(test) there. Space doctors want to know ________ strong and smart they are!

After these tests,scientists only _________(choice) the best people to start astronaut training in a training center. Many things will _____learnt in training. They will learn how to jump out of moving airplane, to blow up a lifeboat and get into it while they are in the _______ [si:].

Finally, the astronaut is _______(tell)______ go to work on a flight into space. The members begin to know each other first. Then they can learn which jobs each will do.

(十四)

The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest w     of the world. The entire wall,       has many branches, is about 8800 kilometerslong. It stretches        Shanghaiguanin the east to Jiayuguan in the west. The          (construct) was begun during the Warring States Period, which was about 2500years ago. The states of Qin, Wei, Zhao, Yan and Zhongshan all built walls to      (保护) their people. The first emperor, Qin Shihuang, j         all these smaller walls together to make theGreat Wall. These early walls that were made of packed earth and wood

w      away in the rain and wind. Little of that wallremains. Most of the wall that can be seen today was         (build)during theMing dynasty. It was         (make)of stone and brick         wouldlast longer. The great Wall was first built by         (古代的) people to s          them from their         (enemy). Those Mingdynasty rulers did not          (期待)that it would later be used tobring tourists into China. It is s        that one who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man. TheGreat Wall is a           (财富;珍宝) of Chinese        (文明)and it is regarded          a            (象征 of the Chinese nation

(十五)

China is the home of tea,           has more than 4000 years of history. Peopleall over China drink tea daily. Of the three main drinks—tea, coffee and cocoa, tea is          (drink)by the         (large)number of people in the world. Tea from China, a        with silk and porcelain (瓷器),began to be          (know)by the world over a thousand years ago and has been an important  Chinese          (出口商品) since then.

The world for tea in different languages came from theChinese c         , “cha”. The English word, “tea”, sounds         (类似的)to the          (pronounce )of it in Xiamen, Fujian Province.The Russians call it “chai’i”, which sounds like “chaye”(tea leaves)       it ispronounced in northern China. The Japanese character for tea is       (write)exactly the same as it is in Chinese, though it is pronounced a little        (different).

Tea leaves are produced          (main) in the south of China, because         the mild climate and rich soil there. Longjing , Pu’er, Wulong and Tieguanyin are all tea. They’re produced in the provinces of Zhejiang, Yunnan and Fujian.

Over the past centuries, Chinese people have          (develop)their        (独特的) tea c        , which includes tea planting, tea-leaf picking, tea making, tea drinking, and so on. Tea is also a popular          (主题) which is often           (提及)in dances, songs, poems and novels.

(十六)

Qian Xuesen was b        in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province on December 11,1911.After his           (graduate) from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934, he t        across the Pacific ocean to the United States for      (far) study. There he r          his Ph.D. degrees in both aerospace         mathematics. After he graduated, he became a teacher as well as a researcher            studied rockets and missile          (theory).

He made important           (贡献) to the missile and space programs in China. When he returned to his motherland in 1955, the country's space          (研究) was almost a blank. In 1956, he s       up the first research institute of rockets and missiles. From then on, he was in c        of developing China's missile, rocket and spacecraft research programs. He was a p         in these related          (领域)and was       (honor) as 'The Father of China's missiles' .He is the p          of the Chinese people.

He p        away on October 31, 2009 at the         of 98, but he is a man who still e         (鼓励)Chinese youth. His d         to his country was expressedin his saying, 'My career is in China, my          (成功)is in China and my d        is in China!' When someone said he could make much more money         he stayed in the United States, he laughed and said, 'My family name is Qian, but I don't like qian.'

(十七)

Susnna:Hi, Kangkang, who is your h         ?

Kangkang:My hero is Abraham Lincoln.         he was both poor and didn't have much education, he never gave up reading books. He became one of the          (great)        (总统)of USA. What about you, susanna?

Susanna:Marie Curie is my hero. Not only did shed         radium but also she won the Nobel prize twice in her lifetime.

Kangkang: She was great! Who did you write about, Li Ming?

Li Ming: I        (敬佩) Thomas Edison both for his exploring s       and for his great inventions. During his lifetime he invented more than 2000 new things, including the light bulb, the telegraph and photographic film.

Kangkang:I think we have learned a lot    the famous people around the world.

(十八)

Abraham Lincoln was born in Kentucky in 1809. His mother died         he was ten years old. Later, his family moved to Illinois and his father remarried. The family was poor, so they had to struggle just      (live), there were n     teachers nor schools, but Lincoln’s stepmother   (鼓励) him to study. He learned to read and write while working on the farm.

At twenty-one, Lincoln left home. He soon received a law license and became a lawyer.

People (信任) him and began to call him “Honest Abe”. During the following years, he took a more active p    in polities. Soon he was not only a highly r     lawyer   also a well-known politician. He was elected the sixteenth president of the United States in 1860, and in the next year the Civil War b       out.

The Civil War was between the southern states that wanted to leave the Union and f     their own country, and northern states that wanted to keep all the states as one country. The southern states wanted to keep the laws that    (允许) them to own slaves. Both the northern states and President Lincoln wanted to get     of those laws. On April 9, 1865, the Civil War ended and all slaves were           free.

Less than a week later, on April 14, 1865, Abraham Lincoln was shot at the Ford Theater in Washington D.C. He died the next day from his wounds.

(十九)

In many ways a (1) d_____ and a blog are almost the same.Then, what makes a blog different from a diary? The biggest difference is that a blog is much more (2)_____(公开的) than a diary. Anyone can read what you write in your blog. Usually,a teenager likes (3)_____(隐藏)his diary book and treats it as a secret. A blog has good points, of course. People choose to write in blogs, because they know that their friends will read (4)w_____ they write. If you feel sad one day and write in your diary, no one will know about it. But if you write the same words in your blog,your friends may quickly write (5)b_____ to comfort you and offer help.Blogs help people know what their friends are doing.

Passage 2

Some colors make us calm and (1)_____(和平的). Blue is one of these (2) c_____. Wearing blue clothes or sleeping in a blue room is good for the mind and body. Blue can also mean sadness.Someone who is feeling sad may (3)_____(通常) say “I’m feeling blue.” Some colors make us happy. Orange is such a happy color. It can (4)b_____ us happiness and cheer us up when we are sad.If you feel (5) t_____ or weak, please wear colors that make you feel energetic. Green can give us energy, because it means new life.

Passage 3

Apple started ApplePay with China Union Pay on Feb. 18, making China the (1)f_____ country in which the service can be used after the US, the UK, Canada and Australia.

Apple Pay users can(2)_____(完成)a deal by just moving their devices near point of sale(POS) terminals(终端) (3)i_____of scanning a bar code(扫描条形码) which is required by mobile payment services. The near field communication technology (NFC) allows the contactless data (4)_____(交换)between the user’s device and the POS terminal.

People may pay close attention to Apple Pay at first, but the main (5)p_____ for Apple Pay is how to attract more people in the long run.

Passage 4

Language is a gift belonging to humans. People learn their own language to express (1)t_____ and understand others. Have you learnt another language besides Chinese? Of course, most people’s answer is English. English is (2)_____(广泛地)spoken in the world. Successful language learners often watch English programs on TV and listen to English songs. (3)C_____with others in theEnglish Corner also benefits them. Can you (4)_____(想象)their favorite way of increasing the vocabulary? Let me tell you. It’s to read at (5)l_____three English articles a week. If you want to learn English well, try these methods.

(二十)

Have you ever          (hear) of the love story         is about Xu Xian and the White snake ? Do you know where it happened on West Lake. West Lake is one of the most beautiful in (lake)          China.It l         in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province and it         (吸引)lots of tourists from home and a        every year.

West lake is           (surround) on three sides by mountains. many tourist attractions there are well worth           (visit), such         Sudi Causeway, the broken Bride and leifeng Pagodea .the scenery is so           (迷人的)that visitors often lose themselves in it.
    West Lake has become famous not only because of its special scenery but also because of some beautiful poems that were          (write)mainly by Bai Juyi and Su Dongpo. Besides, the surrounding area of West Lake is the home of the famous Dragon Well Tea.

Have you ever been to West Lake? If        , look for a chance to go to the fantastic place!

(二十一)

In China,many people spend most of their spare time        (watch) TV. It has a huge influence on people's          (life).Is all this television good for usor bad for us?

As is k        to all,television is one of the most important ways of getting        (信息),such as the news all over the world,history,culture and interesting stories. It provides us         a more lively way to discover the outside world. Also,we can see great movies,operas and concerts.         ,television is not only a way we learn about the world,but also a good e           .

However,many people think television is bad for us. They say that all the violence on TV(make)          people become violent. Violence can give children bad ideas.TV can also make people lazy.           of doing outdoor activities,they usually sit in front of the screen for hours          (enjoy) the funny shows and cartoons without a break.

In general,the problem is not television,but the programs we choose to watch. We have learned how to choosethe b        in newspapers,books and          (magazine).Now we have to learn to do with television programs,too. After all,it's our            (choose).

(二十二)

In China, very few children make pocket money. However, in western countries, most kids make pocket money by 1.          . They make money in many 2.          (不同的) ways.

When kids are very young, their parents help them sell the fruit 3.           their own trees to neighbors. Kids may also help parents do housework to make money at home. When they 5.        (达到)sixteen, they can make money by sending newspapers or by 6.        (work) in fast food restaurants,           (especial) during the summer holidays.

There are many 7.         (优点) of making pocket money by kids themselves. First of all, they learn the value of money by working hard. Second, they learn to         (管理)money by buying things they need or want, such as books, pencils,movies and even clothes they like. Third, they learn to deal with            (day) life problems by helping their parents or others. Making pocket money is 9          (help) for children10.          they grow up. That is w      parents encourage their kids          (earn) pocket money.

(二十三)

William Wordsworth was one of the leading British           (诗人) from 1800 to 1850. He grew up in the Lake District(区) in northwest England. His parents d          when he was a child, and his life with his grandparents was not very happy.          (feel)better, he loved to go for long walks in the mountains or to take boat rides. He had a strong            (想像力), and wrote poems(诗) about the power, beauty and mystery(奥秘) of        (自然).

After he g          from Cambridge(剑桥) University, he moved to France. A few years later, he returned to the Lake District and         (begin)to write poems about nature. He often       (创造) his poems during long walks. And then he told them to his sister, Dorothy,who wrote them down for him. Unlike other poets before him, Words worth used simple language in his poems, and he           (描述) the lives(生活) of common(普通的) people. In one poem, Words worth(抱怨)            how happy he was each time he saw a rainbow(彩虹):

(二十四)

N: Tomorrow will be Christmas. But Della feels very sad,          she has no money to buy a        (礼物)for her husband(丈夫), Jim. In fact, Della and Jim have two         (珍贵的) possessions. They are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s long beautiful hair, which are the only (财富)        for them. Della had her hair cut, sold it and bought a gold watchchain(链子) for Jim.Now, Della is at home.

(All of a s         , the door opens and Jim comes in.)

J: You—?

D: Jim. Don’t look at me that way. I had my hair cut         and sold it because I couldn’t have lived         Christmas without giving you a present. Jim, it will grow     (quick). Say “Merry Christmas!” Jim, and let’s be happy.

J: You’ve cut off your hair?

D: I’ve cut it off and sold it. It’s sold. I tell you,sold and gone, too. It’s Christmas Eve, Jim. Please understand. I sold my hair         that I could give you something for Christmas.

J: Well, Della, I do understand. Don’t worry. The fact        you have a different hair cut could not possibly make me love you less. I know you sold your hair for me. Now look at this present I got for you.

D: Ah! The combs(梳子). They were in the shop windows for many months!

J: Yes ,the beautiful combs, with jeweled(镶有宝石的) rims(边沿)—just the color to wear in your beautiful hair.

D: But, Jim. They are          (昂贵的)combs. I know, my heart had l       for(渴望) them without the least hope of owning them. Now they are mine.Thank you, Jim.

J: Now, you will see why I was upset at first.

D: Jim, you don’t know what a nice—what a beautiful gift,nice gift I’ve got for you. Can you guess?

J: I’m sorry. I have no idea what it could be.

D: Look! A gold watch chain! Isn’t it lovely, Jim? I hunted(搜索,猎取) all         the town to find it. You’ll have to look at the time a hundred times a day now. Give me your watch. I want to see how it looks on it.

J: Della, let’s put our Christmas gifts away and keep them for a while. They’re too nice to use just at    (目前). I sold the watch to get the money to buy the combs. Now, let’s have our supper.

(二十五)

William Shakespeare is        a playwright and a poet. He wrote many       (comedy),tragedies history plays d         his lifetime, and he is best- known for his tragedies, Shakespeare was born in a small town in England in 1564.From an early age, Shakespeare was (interest)         in acting in plays. so when he was older, he moved to the city of London to become an actor. he began to write his own plays. E          ,he became the Queen's favorite playwright. He wrote with fourteen lines but more than 30 plays. when he was 49,he moved back to his hometown,there he d      in 1616.

(二十六)

Hello, everyone! I feel so excited and so happy. We have had three fantastic years in Beijing (Internation)          School. We have       (study) and lived together like a happy family. We have had a lot of fun together, too. I have learned a lot from you all, my dear teachers and friends.       is known to all:“ Everything comes to him who w       . 'So, if I want to succeed, I must study hard. We'll say goodbye to each other soon. I'll never forget you. I hope our friendship will      (持续)forever. I'm sure it will be more and more          (value)as time goes      . So from the b        of my heart, I thank you all and wish you           (成功)in the future

Good morning, my dear teachers and friends! I have many unforgettable        (memory)of the past three years. I got along well       my classmates. We helped and learned from each other.        my great joy, I won the Excellent Student A       in my class. T          to my teachers and my parents, I've made so much p         . You know,'There is no        (皇室的)road to learning. ' So, I will keep on working hard to          (实现)my dream. I love our teachers,our friends and our school very much. I will miss you all. Thanks a lot.

(二十七)

A graduation c           (仪式) is a custom          takesplace when students graduate from a school. The ceremony is usually         (hold) in a bighall or in the open air.

During the ceremony, it is common for several students           (give)speeches, and so do the principal and some teachers. Then each graduate r          a diploma ,It shows that the student has         (successful)completed all the courses or has passed the examinations. After the ceremony, students often chat with their teachers, friends and relatives who come to them. They also take photos withone           and talk about their future

The graduation ceremony is exciting because it          (标志)the end of a period in a student's school life. It is also sad         the time when they studied with friends has come to an end Graduation means change, and leaving unforgettable faces andplaces behind.       , change always brings about new           (可能性).

(二十八)

The children in class Three have done an      (excellence) job for the                 (graduate)      ceremony. The        (decorate) of the classroom was very    (beauty)        . Everyone prepared          (dozen) of presents and exchanged them with each other. Some students wrote down their best           (wish)on the cards, such as'Nothing is             (possible)if you set your mind to it and' Where there is a will, there is away'. The presents are cheap, but they are valuable for them to remember the friendship.

(0)

相关推荐