Maven项目管理工具:Maven创建Web项目

到目前为止,我们所接触的Maven项目的打包类型只有JAR和POM,但在现今的互联网时代,我们创建的大部分应用程序都是Web应用,在Java中Web应用的打包方式是WAR。

本节我们将介绍如何使用Maven创建、构建、部署和运行Web应用程序。

创建Web应用

通过使用Maven的maven-archetype-webapp模板可以创建一个简单的Web应用。

例如,在命令行窗口执行以下命令,Maven会为我们创建一个JavaWeb应用。

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=net.biancheng.www -DartifactId=mavenWeb -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false1复制代码类型:[java]

执行结果如下。

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------< org.apache.maven:standalone-pom >-------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Stub Project (No POM) 1
[INFO] --------------------------------[ pom ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] >>> maven-archetype-plugin:3.2.0:generate (default-cli) > generate-sources @ standalone-pom >>>
[INFO]
[INFO] <<< maven-archetype-plugin:3.2.0:generate (default-cli) < generate-sources @ standalone-pom <<<
[INFO]
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-archetype-plugin:3.2.0:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom ---
[INFO] Generating project in Batch mode
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-webapp:1.0
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: D:\MavenWeb
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: net.biancheng.www
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: net.biancheng.www
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: mavenWeb
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: net.biancheng.www
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: D:\MavenWeb\mavenWeb
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  6.780 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2021-03-29T10:23:18+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829复制代码类型:[java]

命令执行完成后,Maven为我们创建了一个名为mavenWeb的JavaWeb应用,其目录结构如图所示。

其中,pom.xml配置如下。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>net.biancheng.www</groupId>
    <artifactId>mavenWeb</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>mavenWeb Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <finalName>mavenWeb</finalName>
    </build>
</project>123456789101112131415161718192021复制代码类型:[java]

index.jsp代码如下。

<html>
    <body>
        <h2>Hello World!</h2>
    </body>
</html>12345复制代码类型:[java]

打包Web应用

Web应用创建完成后,接下来我们将该应用进行打包成war文件,以便将其部署到服务器中。

打开命令行窗口,跳转到mavenWeb的目录,执行以下mvn命令,对该Web应用进行打包。

mvn clean package1复制代码类型:[java]

结果如下。

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ---------------------< net.biancheng.www:mavenWeb >---------------------
[INFO] Building mavenWeb Maven Webapp 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ war ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ mavenWeb ---
[INFO] Deleting D:\MavenWeb\mavenWeb\target
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ mavenWeb ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ mavenWeb ---
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ mavenWeb ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\MavenWeb\mavenWeb\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ mavenWeb ---
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ mavenWeb ---
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-war-plugin:2.2:war (default-war) @ mavenWeb ---
[INFO] Packaging webapp
[INFO] Assembling webapp [mavenWeb] in [D:\MavenWeb\mavenWeb\target\mavenWeb]
[INFO] Processing war project
[INFO] Copying webapp resources [D:\MavenWeb\mavenWeb\src\main\webapp]
[INFO] Webapp assembled in [34 msecs]
[INFO] Building war: D:\MavenWeb\mavenWeb\target\mavenWeb.war
[INFO] WEB-INF\web.xml already added, skipping
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  1.001 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2021-03-29T12:37:37+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940复制代码类型:[java]

打包完成后,进入D:\MavenWeb\mavenWeb\target目录,可以看到该应用打包生成的war文件,如图所示。

部署Web应用

将mavenWeb的war文件复制到Tomcat服务器的webapp目录中,然后重新启动Tomcat服务器。

Tomcat启动完成后,在浏览器地址栏输入“http://localhost:8080/mavenWeb/index.jsp”,结果如图所示。

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