数据中心行业“薪”和“职业发展”的事
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技术薪酬调查--数据中心行业
Technology Salary Survey -- Data Center
数据由Informa Engage, Data Center Knowledge, IT Pro Today, Channel Futures提供
By Informa Engage, Data Center Knowledge, IT Pro Today, Channel Futures
IT和数据中心管理专业仍然是IT从业者的骄傲和成就之源。但现在，他们中越来越多的人担心自己缺乏工作所需的技能。报告作者: Scott Fulton，III
The IT and data center management profession remains a source of pride and accomplishment for its practitioners. But many more of them are now concerned they lack the skills they need to do their jobs. Report author: Scott Fulton, III
对于大多数IT专业人士来说，在数据中心工作仍然是一个稳定、健康和有发展的地方。这是一种专业技术人员希望获得培养和保持稳定的工作环境，同时他们的雇主也非常渴望留住他们。
For most IT professionals, the data center remains a stable, healthy and prosperous place to work. It’s the type of work environment that skilled professionals seek to nurture and sustain, and their employers seem eager enough to keep them on-board.
这有利于稳定，但也可能是一个日益严重的问题: 在已有经验的IT管理者和他们所管理的技术、系统和基础设施之间存在着日益增长的技能差距。
That’s good for stability but it may also be a key contributor to a growing problem: An increasing skills gap between veteran IT managers and the technologies, systems and facilities they’re being paid to manage.
以下是由Informa 提供的2018薪资报告，数据是由Data Center Knowledge, IT Pro Today and Channel Futures提供。截止到年底，Informa通过在全球范围内调研162家数据中心和其他IT专业人士，调研问卷主要包括工资，工作经验和工作满意度。以下是详细信息：
These are among the findings of the 2018 Informa Engage Technology Salary Survey, conducted by Data Center Knowledge, IT Pro Today and Channel Futures. Toward the end of last year, Informa Engage surveyed 162 data center and other IT professionals worldwide, with questions mainly dealing with their salaries, work experiences and job satisfaction. Their responses told us the following:
1、继续工作的回报依然丰厚。数据中心专业人员的工资增长和奖金与美国劳工统计局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)追踪的大多数行业一样高。
1. The rewards for staying employed remain strong. Salary growth and bonuses for data center professionals are as high as for most any industry tracked by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
2、技能短缺已成为一个值得警惕的问题。甚至四分之一个的行业老兵也感到，他们缺乏履行职责所需的培训和支持。
2. The skills shortage has become a cause for alarm. Even quarter-century veterans of the industry are feeling they lack the training and support they need to fulfill their roles.
3、资深IT专家仍然为他们所做的工作感到自豪。技能短缺似乎是对专业人员整体工作满意度产生负面影响的唯一因素。业内人士感到，他们缺乏履行职责所需的培训和支持。
3. Veteran IT pros remain proud of the work they do. The skills shortage appears to be the only factor that has a negative impact on the professionals’ overall job satisfaction.
DATA CENTER PROFESSIONALS EXPECT
SALARY GROWTH TO CONTINUE
大多数接受调查的专业人士表示，他们在美国境内生活和工作;大约35%的人来自其他地方，尽管只有3%的人在加拿大生活和工作。我们要求这些人以美元估计他们目前的年薪。
Most of the professionals polled said they live and work inside the United States; some 35 percent hail from elsewhere, although only 3 percent live and work in Canada. We asked these people to estimate their current annual salaries in US dollars.
在接受调查的专业人士中，有一半的人告诉我们，他们的年薪在10万美元以上，9%的人表示年薪在20万美元以上。这些高工资可能反映了受访者的工作经验: 47%的人说他们在IT行业有20年或以上的工作经验，48%的人告诉我们他们在目前的公司有5至20年的工作经验。
Among the professionals polled, half of respondents told us their annual salaries were $100,000 or greater, with 9 percent reporting salaries of $200,000 or more. These high salaries may be indicative of respondents’ work experience: 47 percent said they had 20 years or more experience in the IT industry, with 48 percent telling us they had between five and 20 years’ tenure in their current organizations.
在这个行业，你不需要成为一名企业高管就能获得高薪。只有18%的受访者称自己是公司的C级管理人员，33%的人说他们在管理级别工作，36%的人说他们是员工。
You don’t have to be a corporate executive to get well paid in this industry. Only 18 percent of respondents reported being C-level executives in their organizations, with 33 percent saying they work at a managerial level and 36 percent saying they’re staff.
在所有被调查人员当中63%在2018年涨薪，13%在2018年降薪
在所有被调查人员当中，有24%的人员没有涨薪，有涨薪的63%人员当中有13%涨薪幅度超过10%。
Among everyone polled, including staff, managers and executives, 24 percent told us their 2018 annual salaries were unchanged from 2017. A full 63 percent said they enjoyed salary increases for the year, while 13 percent said their annual salaries grew by 10 percent or more.
正如总部位于伦敦的数据中心(People)的董事总经理史蒂夫·布朗(Steve Brown)告诉我们的那样，任何分析都是基于我们所称的“数据中心行业”的薪资水平，必须考虑到这个词所包含的工作角色的广度。不像金融服务或医疗保健，数据中心和IT包含了更广泛的范围，从专业和科技范畴不一定十分关联。这里不仅包括软件工程师、网络专业人士和服务器经理，同时也包括有设施经理和施工团队。
As Steve Brown, managing director of London based Datacenter People, tells us, any analysis of salary levels for what we call the “data center industry” must take into account the breadth of job roles that phrase entails. Unlike a more narrowly focused category such as financial services or healthcare, data centers and IT encompass much wider range of interacting, if not necessarily interrelated, disciplines. There are software engineers, networking professionals and server managers, of course, but also facilities managers and construction teams.
布朗（Brown）说:“数据中心当中从事软件工程方面的人员收入是在行业当中最高的。”而在数据中心物理基础设施层面，包括电气和暖通等方面的人员收入是行业平均水平。收入水平的高低，在一定程度上取决于用脑的复杂程度。
“The software engineering side of the data center is comparable to the highest-earning professions,” Brown says. “On the physical infrastructure—the mechanical/electrical side—it’s not quite the case. It’s more equivalent to mid-level management. Perhaps in the higher-paying sectors—whether it’s software engineering, financial markets trading, brain surgery—more brain processing power is required to be successful in the role, compared to somebody who is working with mechanical and/or electrical systems.”
DATA CENTER PROFESSIONALS:
WHERE DO YOU SPEND MOST OF YOUR TIME?
受访者表示各种领域占据了大部分时间,一般最常见的IT管理(24%)、项目管理(22%),和领导及专业技能(19%)。
Respondents report a variety of areas occupy most of their time, most commonly general IT management(24%)，Project management(22%)，and Leadership & Professional Skills(19%).
|
IT工作角色 |
时间占比 |
|
通用IT管理 |
24% |
|
项目管理 |
22% |
|
领导和专业技能 |
19% |
|
网络管理 |
14% |
|
安全 |
14% |
|
云 |
13% |
|
应用管理 |
11% |
|
沟通和协作 |
10% |
|
通信 |
10% |
|
职能部门（财务、策略、人力、综合等） |
9% |
|
帮助台 |
9% |
|
产品管理 |
8% |
|
系统管理 |
8% |
|
其他操作系统 |
7% |
|
业务流程改进（6西格玛） |
5% |
|
桌面和移动端 |
5% |
|
Windows操作系统 |
5% |
|
商业智能/数据科学 |
4% |
|
数据库 |
4% |
|
灾备 |
4% |
|
ITIL |
4% |
|
DevOps/软件开发 |
3% |
|
硬件工程 |
3% |
|
基础设施管理（空调、电力和消防等） |
2% |
|
机器学习 |
2% |
|
AI |
2% |
|
合规和隐私 |
2% |
|
通用数据中心 |
2% |
|
增强现实/虚拟现实 |
1% |
|
边缘计算 |
1% |
|
物联网 |
1% |
|
存储 |
1% |
以上列表里包含了多个IT工作角色，并说明了各IT工作角色的工作时间占比，24%的受访者表示他们参与了一般的IT管理工作，22%的人提到了项目管理。约19%的受访者称，他们的工作需要领导才能和专业技能，14%的人说他们负责安全事务，另有14%的人负责网络管理。只有3%的人参与了与硬件工程有关的工作，只有2%的人参与了设施管理。这些数字并不一定表示数据中心内的职责分配，而只是我们受访者角色的分解。不过，这也表明，尽管受访者里高层领导占比较少，但是也可以体现出领导的层次和管理范围越大，同时拥有较为丰富的经验，那么他们的薪酬水平就越高。十分之九的受访者是男性。
When given a list of multiple IT job roles and asked to cite any that occupy a major portion of their time, 24 percent of respondents said they were involved with general IT management, while 22 percent cited project management. Some 19 percent of respondents said their roles required leadership and professional skills, while 14 percent said they were involved with security and another 14 percent with network management. Only 3 percent were involved with any aspect of hardware engineering, and only 2 percent with facilities management. These figures are not necessarily indicative of the allocation of responsibilities within data centers, just the breakdown of roles among our respondents. Still, it’s an indicator that the relatively high salaries and depths of experience reported by the survey respondents are on account of their managerial and leadership roles, even though executive leadership comprises a minority. Nine out of 10 respondents were male.
88% feel that they are very important to the success of their employer
88%的人认为他们对雇主的成功非常重要
56% say they have all the training they need to do a good job.
56%的人表示，他们接受了做好工作所需的所有培训
在一个十年的周期里，数据中心行业主要的问题之一就是业务发展和所需专业技能之间的差距: 处于业务发展瓶颈的企业和组织通过招聘新员工以满足新兴技能的需求或在现有IT员工中培养这些技能。88%的受访者表示，他们至少在一定程度上同意这一说法，“我所做的对我的雇主的成功非常重要，”只有56%的人表示同意，“我接受了做好一份工作所需的所有培训。”尽管74%的受访者告诉我们，他们在IT行业已经工作了10年或更长时间。
For the better part of this decade, one of the principle story lines in the data center industry has been the growing skills gap: the difficulty enterprises and organizations have with recruiting new individuals to meet the need for emerging skills or cultivating those skills among their existing IT workforce. While 88 percent of respondents told us they agreed at least somewhat with the statement, “What I do is very important to my employer’s success,” only 56 percent said they would agree with, “I have all the training I need to do a good job.” That’s despite 74 percent of respondents telling us they’ve served in the IT industry for a decade or longer.
目前行业从业者获取证书的现状是，获取相关资格认证的占18%，获取后并定期更新的只剩下10%。高达61%的从业者没有资格证书。专业资格证书对于你当前工作的重要性占74%（非常重要加上很重要）、对于跳槽的重要性占74%（非常重要加上很重要），对于在组织内提升的重要性占58%
At present, the status quo of industry practitioners obtaining certificates is that 18% of them have obtained relevant qualification certification, and only 10% of them have been obtained and updated regularly. Up to 61% of the practitioners have no qualification certificate. Professional qualification certificate is 74% important for your current job (very important plus very important), 74% important for job hopping (very important plus very important), and 58% important for promotion in the organization
IT行业认证通常由专业组织授予，其中许多组织都提供进修课程和资源，以维持从业者的技能水平，通常以年费方式支付。超过五分之三(61%)的受访者告诉我们，他们在过去的12个月内没有取得或续费任何一个专业资格证书。与此同时，74%的人表示，相关的资格证书可以提高他们在当前工作中的效率并能够有利的提升他们的职业生涯。58%的人表示，专业资格认证有助于在组织内的职业发展。
IT industry certifications are often offered through professional organizations, many of which offer refresher courses and resources for maintaining skill levels, usually for an annual fee. More than three respondents in five (61 percent) told us they have not completed or renewed any of their professional certifications within the past 12 months. At the same time, 74 percent indicated that such a certification would improve their effectiveness in carrying out their current role, 74 percent said a certification would be beneficial to advancing their careers, and 58 percent said it would help them advance within their own organizations.
是什么阻止这些专业人士更新他们的证书? 在61%没有证书或证书失效的人中，超过三分之一(34%)的人表示，这是因为他们的组织缺乏培训预算。约24%的人认为是时间不够用，还有16%的人表示是管理层认为没有培训的必要，16%的人表示他们所在的公司没有培训计划。只有10%的人表示没有与他们的工作岗位相关的证书。换句话说，每个人都知道存在技能差距，也都知道原因。但是填补这个空白需要一些牺牲——时间、金钱，或许还有自律——而很少有人愿意这样做。
What’s keeping these professionals from updating their certifications? Among the 61 percent group with no certifications or with lapsed ones, more than a third (34 percent) said this was due to a lack of a training budget at their organizations. Some 24 percent cited a lack of time, while 16 percent said management doesn’t see a need for training, and 16 percent cited no training plans within their workplace. Only 10 percent said no certifications exist that pertain to their job roles. Put another way, everyone knows there’s a skills gap, and everyone knows why. But filling that gap requires some sort of sacrifice — time, money, and perhaps control — that few are willing to make.
|
工资增长的驱动因素 |
占比 |
|
工作表现 |
43% |
|
标准公司增长 |
42% |
|
额外责任 |
19% |
|
生活成本增加 |
18% |
|
升职/新岗位 |
16% |
|
增加新技能 |
9% |
|
跳槽 |
8% |
|
其他 |
6% |
|
新认证 |
5% |
在那些表示获得加薪的受访者中，43%的人说是因为他们的工作表现。只有9%的人认为他们的加薪是因为获得了新的工作技能。5%的人认为是获得了新专业证书。雇主给你加薪最看重的是你创造了多少贡献，同时只参考了你的工作量、学习能力和毅力等因素。
Among those respondents who reported receiving a salary increase, 43 percent said it was on account of their job performance. Only 9 percent attributed their raise to having acquired new job skills and 5 percent to acquiring a new certification. It’s the output, the bottom line, that employers are valuing much more than the input, the studying and the perseverance.
“在学校工作和在数据中心行业工作的区别在于，学校没有人才短缺的问题，”新泽西州数据中心设施人力资源公司（Pkaza）的招聘业务主管肖恩·博德纳尔(Sean Bodnar)表示。“他们发布一份工作，可以获得成千上万的简历，而且每个人都符合条件。”
“The difference between working in a school and working in the data center industry is that schools don’t have a problem with a talent shortage,” says Sean Bodnar, who directs recruiting operations for New Jersey-based data center facilities staffing firm Pkaza. “They post a job, and they have a wave of thousands of resumes, and everyone’s qualified.”
数据中心需要招聘并培训有能力的人员，但是有些人员能力不错而没有被招聘或培训的原因，可能是性别的差异。博德纳尔在教育和IT方面都有经验，并在之前的行业里取得了成功。并把自己的经历和职业包装的很有价值。根据美国劳工统计局所证明，数据中心行业薪水比教书好得多。
The way individuals are recruited and trained for the more intellectual roles in the data center—or, more accurately, the way they’re not being recruited or trained — may have a lot to do with phenomena such as the gender disparity reflected in the survey sample. Bodnar has had experience with both education and IT and sees where the former industry has had greater success of late, particularly with messaging: selling itself as a meaningful and worthwhile career. This success is despite the fact (as the US Bureau of Labor Statistics attests) that the data center industry pays much, much better than teaching.
“我不认为有那么多人熟悉数据中心行业以及它所能提供的一切，”他表示。新泽西州数据中心设施人力资源公司（Pkaza）和总部位于伦敦的数据中心(People)都做了一个很有说服力的观察:他们正在美国和英国寻找合格的候选人，越来越多进入数据中心行业的合格候选人是来自军队的。他们拥有很多被高管们看中的优秀素质包括过程导向，个人纪律和有能力领导一个团队，他们这些品质都是通过军旅生涯获得的。
“I don’t think there are as many people familiar with this industry and all it has to offer,” he says. Both Pkaza and Datacenter People made this telling observation: their staffers are seeing a growing number of qualified candidates in the US and the UK entering all sectors of the data center workforce from the armed services. Process orientation, personal discipline and the ability to lead a team are all perceived as key qualities prized by executives — qualities fostered through military service.
奇怪的是，这实际上可能导致技能短缺问题。这些个人素质都不仅是通过美国陆军或皇家海军服役而获得的，而是通过每年的学习和取得专业认证获得的。关键人员由军方保留除非特殊情况下，例如，多次执行海外任务后光荣退伍。
In an odd way, this could actually be contributing to the skills shortage problem. None of these personal qualities acquired through the US Army or Royal Navy, for instance, are perceived as requiring annual refreshing or certification. Key personnel are retained by the military and are not being replaced except in unique circumstances —for example, an honorable discharge after multiple tours of duty overseas.
另一项来自基础调查公司ographics的数据显示，三分之二的受访者(67%)不低于45岁。大约14%的人至少65岁，在这个年龄，IT专业人士往往选择退休，其他职业可能会鼓励或迫使他们退休。
In another telling figure taken from the basic survey firm ographics, two-thirds of respondents (67 percent) are no younger than 45. Some 14 percent are at least 65, an age where IT professionals often choose to retire and where other professions may encourage or otherwise compel them to do so.
虽然技能短缺，工作满意度仍然相当高
JOB SATISFACTION REMAINS FAIRLY HIGH, DAMPENED BY THE SKILLS SHORTAGE
75% would recommend their child, niece or nephew enter the IT field
75%的人会推荐他们的孩子、侄女或侄子进入IT领域
72% say that they love their job.
72%的人说他们热爱自己的工作
根据这种趋势，大多数公司员工对自己的工作感到满意，对自己的职位感到满意。约72%的受访者表示同意他们热爱自己的工作，75%的人会把IT领域作为一个职业发展路径推荐给他们的后代。
Despite this trend, most of these retained personnel are happy with their work, and many are satisfied with the positions they hold. Some 72 percent of respondents told us they agreed with the statement that they love their jobs, and 75 percent would recommend the IT field as a career path for their progeny.
据几位专业人士说，甚至这些数字也没有达到应有的水平，根据我们的了解，也很难理解为什么有人不会推荐一个技术总在不断迭代和发展的行业，技术更新在世界各地的企业中发挥着至关重要的作用。Pkaza创始人兼首席执行官彼得·卡泽拉(Peter Kazella)表示，企业需要在不断变化中保持永续经营。同时，他说，一个行业当中有很多方面，如果有人对自己现在的工作不满意的话，他们可以在同行业中再找到另一个工作或位置并发挥自己的作用。
Even these numbers are not as high as they could be, according to several professionals we consulted. It’s difficult to understand why someone wouldn’t recommend an industry where the technology is always evolving, that plays such a critical role in the world and where businesses are requiring continuous, always-on connectivity, says Pkaza founder and CEO Peter Kazella. There are so many different aspects of this industry, he says, that if someone wasn’t happy in their current position, they could move to a completely different one with an altogether different set of operating parameters and yet stay in the same industry.
当受访者被问及“是什么导致了有人对现有工作的不满？”时，59%的受访者同意一个观点“我可以在正常的每周40到45小时的工作时间内完成我的工作。如果超长加班会降低工作满意度。这个问题的存在很大程度上是每个人对生活和工作的平衡及态度不同。
What’s causing this dissatisfaction? When survey participants were asked if they agree with the statement, “I can get my work done in a normal 40 to 45-hour work week,” 59 percent of respondents agreed at least somewhat. So that’s not the problem. The statement that generated the greatest level of disagreement or ambivalence.
还有一个观点是，“我已经接受了足够的训练，可以做好一份工作，”即使加班也可以接受。在数据中心行业里的专业人士有28%持不同观点，他们认为自己没有足够的技能去应对工作，这不是靠加班可以解决问题的。
which, even then, was not high — was, “I have all the training I need to do a good job,” with 28 percent at least somewhat disagreeing. Data center professionals will be more likely to feel they lack the skills than to feel they lack the time.
沃德威尔逊说：“如果你得到了同行的尊重和支持，它显然仍将可以让你获得更高的工作满意度，你感觉你是大家庭的一员。”沃德威尔逊是具有20年数据中心工作经验的老兵，最近在一家大型航空公司工作。
“If you have the respect and support of your peers, it will still clearly drive a higher level of job satisfaction, and you feel like you are part of family,” says Ward Wilson, a two decades-long veteran of the data center industry, most recently with a major airline.
“在我管理和研究的团队中，我看到了相当多的工程师工作满意度不仅体现在管理者和同事之间，还体现在他们对数据中心基础设施硬件的看法上，”威尔逊说。“维护重型设备，如柴油发电机、CRAC机组和UPS，就像一个孩子喜欢汽车一样。在你为一个房间大小的柴油发电机工作了几个月或几年之后，你对这个硬件产生了信任，因此可以通过对设备进行良好的维护和准备使用来获得工作满足感。”
“I’ve seen a noticeable number of engineers on teams I’ve managed and worked on that find job satisfaction not only in management and peers, but also their opinions on the data center/infrastructure hardware,” Wilson says. “Supporting heavy-duty hardware like diesel generators, CRAC units, and UPS can be like a kid who likes to work on cars. After you’ve worked supporting a room sized diesel generator for a period of months or years, you develop trust for that hardware, and thereby can find job satisfaction by keeping that equipment well cared for and ready for use.”
62%的受访者同意威尔逊的观点“我拥有做好一份工作所需的所有工具。”
Wilson’s sentiment was indeed reflected by 62 percent of survey respondents, who agreed at least somewhat with the phrase, “I have all the tools I need to do a good job.”
在任何时候，14%的受访者都可以宣称他们拥有一个完整而满意的职业生涯，他们有足够的积蓄和养老金，退休后会很舒服。在IT和数据中心行业里最有价值的成员不可能永远存在。
At any moment, 14 percent of respondents could declare they’ve had a full and satisfying career, and with their savings and pension, retire very comfortably. The most valued members of the IT and data center workforce cannot be retained forever.
随着数据中心基础设施完全过渡到云计算模式，以及软件进入到容器和微服务架构、数据中心的管理者们会发现—“他们的技能是在20世纪获取的,可能会发现自己现在无法认知和管理现代化的数据中心并没有人可以领导。”当危机最终爆发时，我们可能会感到震惊，但实际上我们早已经被警告过。
As data center infrastructure completes its transition to a cloud computing model, and software moves into containers and micro services, the remaining, treasured leaders of the data center workforce — people who acquired their skills in the 20th century — may find themselves with nothing recognizable they can manage and no-one to lead. We may be shocked when the crisis finally hits, but we won’t be able to say we weren’t warned.
中文翻译：林宇 编辑：A
原文出处：DCK【2018Technology Salary Survey -- Data Center】