with 的词性只有介词，而 by 的词性可以是介词或副词，那么它们作为介词在主语语态和被动语态中有什么区别？ 一、with 作为介词有很多中意思，而且主要用于主动句中，例如：1、和…在一起，和，同Gabriel came with her elder sister to the inauguration ceremony.加布里埃尔和她姐姐一起参加了就职典礼。He entered the classroom with the good news.他带着这个好消息走进教室。2、有，具有，带有She bought a white blouse with black stripes.她买了一件黑色条纹的白衬衫。He looked at her with a hurt expression.他带着受伤害的神情看着她。3、用，使用，以，借Be careful with this knife when cutting onions.切洋葱时小心这把刀。Please fill this bowl with salt water before you leave.离开前请把这碗水加满盐水。4、与…对立，反对He often has fights with his siblings.他经常和他的兄弟姐妹吵架。I had an argument with my boss.我跟老板吵了一架。5、表明手段、原因或行动The angry neighbour hit the barking dog with a stick.愤怒的邻居用棍子打那只吠叫的狗。He blushed with excitement after seeing her.他见到她后激动得脸红。二、by 作为介词也有很多意思，而且主要用于被动语句中，例如： 1、靠近，在…旁边Elizabeth was standing by the window when Darcy rushed to meet her.伊丽莎白正站在窗前，达西冲过去迎接她。She expected him to stand by her in all good and bad times.她希望他在一切好的和坏的时候都支持她。2、表示方式She learnt Hindi just by watching Bollywood films.她只是通过看宝莱坞电影来学习印地语。The new flu can be prevented by drinking boiled water喝开水可以预防新流感。解析：在表示方式时，by 后面常跟动词，而 with 后面常跟名词。3、表示程度、数量He missed the opportunity by few seconds.他差几秒钟就错过了机会。House prices went up by 10%.房价上涨了10%。在被动句中，by 是一个必要的介词，它指示执行动作的动因。 三、两者的区别 with 大体上描述被陪同或伴有的对象，而 by 大体上描述动因或行动手段，而且在从属句中 with 后面经常跟名词，而 by 后面经常跟动词。
